biodiversity

Question 1

what is random sampling ?

Question 2

what are advantages of random sampling ?

Answer 2

each individual has an equal chance of being selected
– reduces the impacts of bias

Question 3

what is non random sampling ?

Answer 3

sample in which individuals are not chosen by chance

Question 4

give examples of non random sampling ?

Answer 4

opportunistic - organisms are easily available
- stratified - pop divided into subgroups

• systematic - shows how species change throughout habitat

Question 5

what causes samples to be not representative ?

Answer 5

sampling bias - selsction of individuals to sample biased consciously and unconsiously

chance - may not be representative

Question 6

what are different types of sampling techniques ?

Answer 6

pooter
sweep nets
pitfall traps
tree beating
kick sampling
capture mark release recapture

Question 7

which sample techniques is appropriate to sample insects ?

Answer 7

pooter
- suction on mouthpiece - draws insects into chamber
- piece of gauze /filter prevents insects entering the mouth .

Question 8

what is sweep nets used for ?

Answer 8

to sample insects
- nets is swept through long grass
Control;
size of nets
how often / fast sweep

Question 9

what sample technique is used for small invertebrates ?

Answer 9

pitfall traps
- dig hole in the ground
-place container in the hole -insects falls into the trap
- cover the top with a roof to prevent flooding
- leave it overnight to smaple nocturnal insects

Question 10

what is tree beating used for

Answer 10

for invertebrates in trees /bushes
- stretch white cloth underneath
shake the tree bushes /beat with a stick to dislodge invertebrates

Question 11

what sample technique is used for organisms living in a water ?

Answer 11

• kick sampling
  river bed is distrubed by kicking it
• place net in downstream so the water and distrubed bed flows through net

Question 12

what sample technique is used to estimate the size of animals population ?

Answer 12

capture mark release recapture
- capture individuals in an area
- mark organism and release #
- allow animals to disperse
recapture individuals marked and others
- compare the number of marked and unmarked individual
estimate population size

Question 13

how are plants sampled

Answer 13

• using a quadrant

Question 14

what is point quadrat ?

Answer 14

frame with a horizontal bar and pins
plants touching pins are recorded

Question 15

what is a frame quadrat ?

Answer 15

frame that is divided into equal sections

Question 16

give limitations of using quadrats ?

Answer 16

can only be used for immobile species e.g plants
- hard to be consistency in counting number of species
-

Question 17

what is biodiversity ?

Answer 17

the variety of living organism present in an area measured by the number of habitats , the number of species and amount of gentic diversity .

Question 18

how is biodiversity measured ?

Answer 18

habitat bidoversity
species biodiversity
genetic biodiversity

Question 19

what is habitat biodiveristy ?

Answer 19

the number of different habitat found within an rea e.g grassland , medows

Question 20

what is species richness?

Answer 20

the number of diffrerent species ;iving in a particular area

Question 21

species eveness ?

Answer 21

the number of individuals of each species living

Question 22

what are factors affecting biodiversity ?

Answer 22

deforestation
agriculture
climate change

Question 23

why is important to maintain biodiversity

Answer 23

Aesthetic
economic
ethical
ecological

Question 24

what are methods of maintaining biodiversity ?

Answer 24

In situ - conservation inside a natural habitat
ex situ - outside a natural habitat

Question 25

what are exmaples of in situ

Answer 25

wildlife reserves
controlled human access
controlled poaching
reintroduction of animals
Marine conservation

Question 26

what are exmaple of ex situ coservation ?

Answer 26

botanic gardens
seed banks
captive breeding programmes