Module 2.2: Parts Of Plant Cells

Question 1

Cell wall**:

Answer 1

A rigid layer of cellulose and other polysaccharides that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support and protection to the cell

Question 2

Cell membrane**:

Answer 2

A thin, flexible layer of lipids and proteins that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell and also helps in cell communication and recognition

Question 3

Cytoplasm**:

Answer 3

A jelly-like substance that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus and contains various dissolved molecules and organelles

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

**: A large, spherical organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell and controls the cell’s activities, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Question 5

Nucleolus**:

Answer 5

A small, dense structure inside the nucleus that produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is used to make ribosomes

Question 6

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)**:

Answer 6

A network of membranous tubules and sacs that has ribosomes attached to its surface and is involved in protein synthesis and modification

Question 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)**:

Answer 7

A network of membranous tubules and sacs that lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 8

Golgi body**:

Answer 8

A stack of flattened membranous sacs that receives, modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from the ER and transports them to various destinations within or outside the cell

Question 9

Mitochondrion**:

Answer 9

An oval-shaped organelle that is the site of cellular respiration and produces energy (ATP) for the cell by breaking down glucose and oxygen

Question 10

Cytoskeleton**:

Answer 10

A network of protein filaments and tubules that provides shape, support, and movement to the cell and its organelles

Question 11

Central vacuole**:

Answer 11

A large, membrane-bound sac that occupies most of the space in the plant cell and stores water, salts, sugars, and wastes

Question 12

Chloroplast**:

Answer 12

A green, disc-shaped organelle that contains chlorophyll and other pigments and is the site of photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 13

Ribosome**:

Answer 13

A small, spherical structure that is either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER and is the site of protein synthesis by translating the genetic code from the mRNA

Question 14

Plasmodesmata**:

Answer 14

Tiny channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells and allow the exchange of molecules and signals between them