Final: Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
, often referred to as the animal kingdom, comprises multicellular organisms that are
heterotrophic, meaning they rely on other organisms for food. Animals are characterized by their ability to move, albeit some are sessile during certain life stages, and they typically have specialized sensory organs.
This kingdom includes a vast diversity of organisms ranging from tiny invertebrates like insects to large mammals like elephants.
Kingdom Animalia
CELLS FOUND IN ANIMALS
Osteocyte- Is a bone cell.
• This is the cell that makes up the bones.
Chondrocyte- Chondrocytes are the cells responsible for cartilage formation, and they are crucial for the process of endochondral ossification, which is useful for bone development.
• Cartilage gives flexible support to the body.
Neuron- • Is a nerve cell.
• This is found in the nervous system
• Neurons are specialized cells that are capable of sending electrical as well as chemical
3 LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
Modes of Nutrition
HETEROTROPHIC- organism obtain their nutrition by consuming organic matter from other organisms.
AUTOTROPHIC- are organisms that can produce their own food, using materials from inorganic sources.
Omnivore
Carnivore
Herbivore
MOVEMENT PROCESS
*LOCOMOTION
Terrestrial locomotion:
Walking, running, hopping, and crawling are common among land-dwelling animals such as mammals, reptiles, insects, and
Aerial locomotion:
Aerial locomotion: Flying is characteristic of birds, bats, insects, and some mammals (e.g., flying squirrels).
Aquatic locomotion:
Swimming, diving, and gliding are observed in fish, cetaceans, seals, turtles, crustaceans, and various other aquatic organisms.
*MIGRATION
Birds:
Seasonal migration over long distances for breeding, feeding, or escaping harsh weather conditions.
Fish:
Migratory movements between freshwater and marine environments for spawning, feeding, or avoiding predators.
Insects:
Seasonal migration of species like monarch butterflies for breeding or overwintering.
FEEDiage
*FEEDING AND FORAGING:
Predation:
Hunting, stalking, chasing, and capturing prey by carnivorous animals.
Grazing:
Feeding on vegetation by herbivorous animals such as mammals, birds, and insects.
Scavenging:
Consuming dead or decaying organic matter, common among many animal groups.
*REPRODUCTIVE MOVEMENTS:
Breeding migrations::
Movement to specific locations for breeding purposes, often involving elaborate courtship displays or rituals.
Dispersal:
Movement of offspring away from the parental habitat to colonize new areas and reduce competition with relatives.
*SOCIAL INTERACTION:
Group movements::
Herding, flocking, schooling, or swarming behavior observed in many species for protection, mating, or accessing resources.
Communication-driven movements::
Behaviors like mating dances, territorial displays, and alarm signals that influence movement patterns within social groups.
*SEASONAL BEHAVIORS:
Hibernation:
Winter dormancy to conserve energy and survive harsh conditions, seen in some mammals and reptiles.
Estivation:
Summer dormancy to avoid heat and dehydration, observed in certain amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates.
The term ‘Protista’ is derived from the Greek word “_____”, meaning “the very first”.
• Protists are simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi.
• Scientists speculate that protists form a link between plants, animals and fungi as these three kingdoms diverged from a common protist-like ancestor, billions of years ago
These are usually aquatic, present in the soil or in areas with moisture.
• Most protist species are unicellular organisms, however, there are a few multicellular protists.
• Just like any other eukaryote, the cells of these species have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
protistos
