Final: Kingdom Plantae Flashcards
the ____ can be defined as
multicellular. autotrophic eukaryotes, which conduct photosynthesis. All member of this family comprises of true nucleus and advanced membrane bound organelles. they are quite different from animals. The _____contains about 300,000 different species of plants. Among the five kingdoms, kingdom plantae is a very important, as they are the source of food for all other living creatures present on planet earth, which depends on plants to survive.
kingdom plantae
Cell Organization
1.) Eukararyotic Cells
Plant cells are eukaryotic, which means they have a true nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane. this nucleus houses the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell. the presence of various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus is also a hallmark of eukaryotic cells.
2.) cell wall
unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cell wall made primarily of cellulose. This cell wall provides structural support, protection, and gives the cell its shape. It also helps to regulate the intake and loss of water through osmosis.
3.) Chloroplast
These are specialized organelles that contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
4.) Large central vacuole
Occupying a significant portion of the cell’s volume,
the central
vacuole serves multiple
functions. It helps maintain the cell’s rigidity by exerting turgor pressure against the cell wall. It also stores nutrients and waste products and plays a role in cell growth by absorbing water and enlarging the cell.
Nutritional Class or model of nutrition
1.) Autotrophs
Plants are autotrophs, which means they can produce their own food. They do this through a process called photosynthesis, where they convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is vital not only for the survival of the plant itself but also for the organisms that depend on plants for food.
Photosynthetic
Model of Nutrition
1.) Autotrophic Nutrition
the majority of plants follow an autotrophic mode of nutrition. They synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.
2.) Heterotrophic Modes
Parasitic Nutrition: Some plants, like Cuscuta
Insectivorous Nutrition: Certain photosynthetic
dodder) and mistletoe, grow on other host plants, such as the pitcher plant and venus plants. They partially or completely derive flytrap, grow in nitrogen-deficient soil. To meet nutrition from their hosts using specialized their nitrogen requirements, they capture and roots called haustoria.
digest insects.
Processes of Photosynthesis
Processes of Photosynthesis
1.) Light-Dependent Reactions
these reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. the primary goal is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of At (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). Water molecules are split (photolysis), releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Stroma
2.) Calvin Cycle: (Light-Independent Reactions)
This cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. It uses the At and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. the cycle is a series of biochemical reactions and does not require light, hence the term light-independent. The end product is a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate (G3P), which can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates.
Examples of organisms
1.) Algae
Algae are simple, primarily aquatic plants that can range from microscopic, single-celled organisms to large, multicellular forms like seaweeds. They are important primary producers in aquatic environments and can live in a variety of water conditions, from oceans to freshwater ponds
2.) Mosses
Mosses belong to the group known as bryophytes. They are non-vascular plants, meaning they lack the specialized tissue systems (xylem and phloem) for water and nutrient transport found in other plant groups. Mosses are typically found in moist, shaded environments and play a crucial role in soil formation and water
3.) Ferns
Ferns are part of the pteridophytes group and are seedless vascular plants. they have a vascular system for transporting water and nutrients but reproduce via spores rather than seeds. Ferns are common in humid, forested areas and have a wide variety of forms and sizes.
4.) Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers like pines, spruces, and firs. their seeds are not enclosed within an ovary; instead, they are often found on the scales of cones. Gymnosperms are typically evergreen and can thrive in a range of climates, including cold, mountainous regions.
5.) Angiosperms
Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are the most diverse group in the plant kingdom, with over 300,000 species. They are characterized by flowers and fruit that enclose the seeds. Angiosperms can be found in nearly every habitat on earth and include everything from grasses and herbs to shrubs and towering trees
Importance of Plantae
1.) Oxygen Production
Plants are the primary producers of oxygen in the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. This oxygen is vital for the survival of aerobic organisms, including humans.
2.) Food source
As the base of the food chain, plants provide sustenance for a vast array of organisms, including humans. They are the source of fruits, vegetables, grains, and other dietary staples.
3.) Ecological Balance
As the base of the food chain, plants provide sustenance for a vast array of organisms, including humans. They are the source of fruits, vegetables, grains, and other dietary staples.
What defines the kingdom Plantae?
a. Multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes
b. Multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotes
c. Unicellular, autotrophic, prokar yotes
d. Unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes
b. Multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotes
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the cell wall in the plant cells?
which of the following is a characteristic of autotrophic nutrition in plants?
Where does the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Chloroplast
Structural support
Producing food through photosynthesis
thylakoid membranes
-What is the main purpose of the calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
-Which of the following is an example of a plant that follows parasitic nutrition?
-What role do plants play in the production of oxygen?
-What is the importance of mosses in ecosystems?
-What is the significance of the kingdom Plantae for ecological balance?
Conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose
Pitcher plant
they produce oxygen through photosynthesis
they play a role in soil formation and water retention
A. They help regulate atmospheric gases
