Module 2.1: Parts Of Animal Cell, Its Similarities With Plant And Animal Cell Flashcards
Similarities both animal and plant cells have
Membrane-bound organelles
they also both have cytoplasm
a cell membrane
a nucleus
mitochondria
rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a golgi apparatus
and peroxisomes
The Centrosome
a microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells. It contains a pair of centrioles, two structures that lie perpendicular to each other.
Nucleolus
: A small, dense structure inside the nucleus that synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is used to make ribosomes
- Nucleus:
A large, spherical organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell. It regulates the cell’s activities, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction²³.
Ribosome:
A small, spherical structure that is either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. It synthesizes proteins by translating the genetic code from the mRNA²³.
Vesicle:
A membrane-bound sac that transports materials within the cytoplasm, such as proteins, lipids, and wastes. It can also fuse with the cell membrane to release or take in substances from the outside²⁵.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)**:
A network of membranous tubules and sacs that extends from the nucleus. It has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis and modification²³.
Golgi apparatus:
A stack of flattened membranous sacs that receives, modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from the ER. It then transports them to various destinations within or outside the cell²³.
- Cell membrane:
A thin semipermeable layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cell. It controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell, and also helps in cell communication and recognition¹².
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER):
A network of membranous tubules and sacs that lacks ribosomes. It is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification²³.
Mitochondria:
Oval-shaped organelles that are the sites of cellular respiration.They produce energy (ATP) for the cell by breaking down glucose and oxygen
Vacuole:
A membrane-bound sac that stores various substances, such as water, salts, sugars, and wastes.
Cytosol or Cytoplasm
A jelly-like substance that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.It contains various dissolved substances, such as ions, enzymes, and nutrients, and also houses the other organelles
Lysosome:
A spherical organelle that contains digestive enzymes.It breaks down various substances, such as food particles, bacteria, viruses, and worn-out organelles, and recycles them for the cell’s use
Centriole:
A cylindrical structure that is composed of microtubules and is located near the nucleus.It plays a role in cell division by organizing the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes
