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Immunizations > Module 2.1 > Flashcards

Module 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ETEC known as?

A

enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ETEC) - also known as traveller’s diarrhea

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2
Q

How do you get cholera

A

is associated with poor sanitation and is generally acquired form contaminated water or food, particularly undercooked or raw shellfish and fish

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3
Q

Incubation period of cholera?

A

2 hrs - 5 days

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4
Q

How is ETEC transmitted

A

by contaminated food and less often, contaminated water

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5
Q

Who would benefit from protestation against cholera and ETEC?

A

travellers to cholera-endemic countries who will be at significantly increased risk of exposure

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6
Q

How long does protection last from cholera vaccine?

A
  • lasts for 2 years in persons 6 years of age and older

- lasts for 6 months in children aged 2-5

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7
Q

How long does protection last against ETEC ?

A

3 months

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8
Q

Describe the primary immunization of cholera vaccine for 2-5 year olds

A

3 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart

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9
Q

Describe the primary immunization of cholera vaccine for 6 years and up

A

2 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart

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10
Q

Describe the primary immunization of ETEC for ppl 2 and up

A

2 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart

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11
Q

General instructions for primary immunization against cholera and ETEC

A
  • if more than 6 weeks elapses between doses, repeat primary series
  • give final dose at least 1 week before departure
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12
Q

Booster for cholera for 2-5 years?

A

1 dose every 6 months

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13
Q

Booster for cholera for 6 years and up?

A

1 dose every 2 years

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14
Q

Booster for ETEC?

A

1 dose every 3 months

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15
Q

General instructions for booster immunization against cholera and ETEC?

A

If more than 5 years have passed since primary immunization or last booster dose, repeat primary series

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16
Q

Cholera and ETEC:
Avoid oral admin of medicinal products or intake of food or drink for ______ before and _____ after vaccine administration

A

1 hour, 1 hour

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17
Q

Cholera and ETEC:
Separate the administration of cholera and traveller’s diarrhea vaccine and oral typhoid vaccine by at least ______ hours

A

8

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18
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

Most common adverse effects?

A

ab pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

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19
Q

ETEC causes approximately _____% of travellers’ diarrhea

A

25-50%

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20
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

The vaccine is highly effective for ______.

A

cholera

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21
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

The vaccine only has a marginal benefit for ________ _______

A

traveller’s diarrhea

22
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

Vaccine ok for pregnant women?

A

Not been studied. May be considered in high risk situations

23
Q

Cholera and ETEC:

Vaccine ok in breastfeeding women?

A

Yes

24
Q

Diptheria:

How is it transmitted?

A

by inhalation of aerosolized droplets and through fomites soiled by infected persons

25
Q

Diptheria:

symptoms ?

A
  • membranous pharyngitis
  • fever
  • enlarged lymph nodes
  • “bull neck”
  • respiratory obstruction
26
Q

When is DTap-IPV-Hib given?

A

2, 4, 6, and 12-23 months

booster dose at 4-6 years of age and 10 years later (14-16 years old)

27
Q

DTap-IPV-Hib can be combined with what?

A

HB (hepatitis B)

28
Q

Td vaccine booster required every __ years

A

10

29
Q

T or F: diphtheria toxoid vaccines are available as combination and single vaccine

A

false - only available as combination

30
Q

For people less than 7 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?

A
  • 3 doses of DTap-IPV (with or without Hib) every 8 weeks
  • Booster 6-12 months after the 3rd dose
  • Booster at age 4-6 years (school entry) and 10 years later
  • Note: booster at 4-6 years old is not required if the 4th dose of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine was administered after the 4th birthday
31
Q

For people between 7-17 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?

A

3 doses of Tdap-IPV vaccine with an interval of 8 weeks between the first two doses and the third dose administered 6-12 months after the 2nd dose.

-Booster every 10 years

32
Q

For people over 18 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?

A

1 dose of Tdap-IPV and 2 doses of Td-IPV

Tdap-IPV given first followed 8 weeks later by a dose of Td-IPV.

6 - 12 months later give another dose of Td-IPV

33
Q

The diphtheria vaccine provides _____ protection and it is not antibacterial. Therefore, a patient can still be infected by the bacteria but is protected from the potentially lethal systemic effects

A

antitoxic

34
Q

With Hib infection _______ are especially likely to be affected

A

meninges

35
Q

What are some complications associated with Hib infection?

A
  • meningitis
  • epiglottis
  • septic arthritis
  • cellulitis
36
Q

When is Hib vaccine usually given?

A

2, 4, 6, and 12-23 months

37
Q

What age group is Hib indicated for?

A
  • 2 months to 4 years of age

* after 5 years old, it is not indicated unless they are high risk (asplenia, cochlear implant, HIV, HSCT)

38
Q

Hib was the most common type of ??

A

bacterial meningitis

39
Q

Hib disease is not common past __ years of age

A

5

40
Q

Hep A:

acquired through which route?

A

fecal-oral route

*contaminated water or foods

41
Q

Hep A:

Incubation period

A

15-50 days

42
Q

Hep A:

Severity of illness ______ with age

A

increases

43
Q

Hep A:

Who is the vaccine recommended for?

A
  • travellers or people exposed to Hep A endemic areas
  • men who have sex with men
  • illicit drug users
  • chronic liver disease
44
Q

Hep A:

Can the vaccine be given post-exposure?

A

Yes

  • recommended for people over 1 year of age
  • preferably within 14 days of exposure
45
Q

Hep A:

How effective is pre-exposure vaccine?

A

85-90%

46
Q

T or F: humans are the only known host for Hep B

A

true

47
Q

Hep B:

How is it transmitted?

A

through coming into contact with Hep B infected body fluids

  • sexual contact
  • perinatal transmission from mother to infant at birth
  • needle sharing
48
Q

Hep B:

Inc period?

A

45-160 days

49
Q

Hep B: who is it recommended for?

A
  • all children
  • pre exposure hep B for high risk groups
  • post exposure for infants born to hep B infected mothers, household or sexual contacts
50
Q

Hep B:

recommended dosing schedule for infants?

A

at months 0, 1 and 6

Immunizations (16 decks)

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