Module 2.1 Flashcards
What is ETEC known as?
enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ETEC) - also known as traveller’s diarrhea
How do you get cholera
is associated with poor sanitation and is generally acquired form contaminated water or food, particularly undercooked or raw shellfish and fish
Incubation period of cholera?
2 hrs - 5 days
How is ETEC transmitted
by contaminated food and less often, contaminated water
Who would benefit from protestation against cholera and ETEC?
travellers to cholera-endemic countries who will be at significantly increased risk of exposure
How long does protection last from cholera vaccine?
- lasts for 2 years in persons 6 years of age and older
- lasts for 6 months in children aged 2-5
How long does protection last against ETEC ?
3 months
Describe the primary immunization of cholera vaccine for 2-5 year olds
3 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart
Describe the primary immunization of cholera vaccine for 6 years and up
2 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart
Describe the primary immunization of ETEC for ppl 2 and up
2 doses orally, 1-6 weeks apart
General instructions for primary immunization against cholera and ETEC
- if more than 6 weeks elapses between doses, repeat primary series
- give final dose at least 1 week before departure
Booster for cholera for 2-5 years?
1 dose every 6 months
Booster for cholera for 6 years and up?
1 dose every 2 years
Booster for ETEC?
1 dose every 3 months
General instructions for booster immunization against cholera and ETEC?
If more than 5 years have passed since primary immunization or last booster dose, repeat primary series
Cholera and ETEC:
Avoid oral admin of medicinal products or intake of food or drink for ______ before and _____ after vaccine administration
1 hour, 1 hour
Cholera and ETEC:
Separate the administration of cholera and traveller’s diarrhea vaccine and oral typhoid vaccine by at least ______ hours
8
Cholera and ETEC:
Most common adverse effects?
ab pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
ETEC causes approximately _____% of travellers’ diarrhea
25-50%
Cholera and ETEC:
The vaccine is highly effective for ______.
cholera
Cholera and ETEC:
The vaccine only has a marginal benefit for ________ _______
traveller’s diarrhea
Cholera and ETEC:
Vaccine ok for pregnant women?
Not been studied. May be considered in high risk situations
Cholera and ETEC:
Vaccine ok in breastfeeding women?
Yes
Diptheria:
How is it transmitted?
by inhalation of aerosolized droplets and through fomites soiled by infected persons
Diptheria:
symptoms ?
- membranous pharyngitis
- fever
- enlarged lymph nodes
- “bull neck”
- respiratory obstruction
When is DTap-IPV-Hib given?
2, 4, 6, and 12-23 months
booster dose at 4-6 years of age and 10 years later (14-16 years old)
DTap-IPV-Hib can be combined with what?
HB (hepatitis B)
Td vaccine booster required every __ years
10
T or F: diphtheria toxoid vaccines are available as combination and single vaccine
false - only available as combination
For people less than 7 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?
- 3 doses of DTap-IPV (with or without Hib) every 8 weeks
- Booster 6-12 months after the 3rd dose
- Booster at age 4-6 years (school entry) and 10 years later
- Note: booster at 4-6 years old is not required if the 4th dose of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine was administered after the 4th birthday
For people between 7-17 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?
3 doses of Tdap-IPV vaccine with an interval of 8 weeks between the first two doses and the third dose administered 6-12 months after the 2nd dose.
-Booster every 10 years
For people over 18 that have not been immunized what is the schedule for DTap-IPV?
1 dose of Tdap-IPV and 2 doses of Td-IPV
Tdap-IPV given first followed 8 weeks later by a dose of Td-IPV.
6 - 12 months later give another dose of Td-IPV
The diphtheria vaccine provides _____ protection and it is not antibacterial. Therefore, a patient can still be infected by the bacteria but is protected from the potentially lethal systemic effects
antitoxic
With Hib infection _______ are especially likely to be affected
meninges
What are some complications associated with Hib infection?
- meningitis
- epiglottis
- septic arthritis
- cellulitis
When is Hib vaccine usually given?
2, 4, 6, and 12-23 months
What age group is Hib indicated for?
- 2 months to 4 years of age
* after 5 years old, it is not indicated unless they are high risk (asplenia, cochlear implant, HIV, HSCT)
Hib was the most common type of ??
bacterial meningitis
Hib disease is not common past __ years of age
5
Hep A:
acquired through which route?
fecal-oral route
*contaminated water or foods
Hep A:
Incubation period
15-50 days
Hep A:
Severity of illness ______ with age
increases
Hep A:
Who is the vaccine recommended for?
- travellers or people exposed to Hep A endemic areas
- men who have sex with men
- illicit drug users
- chronic liver disease
Hep A:
Can the vaccine be given post-exposure?
Yes
- recommended for people over 1 year of age
- preferably within 14 days of exposure
Hep A:
How effective is pre-exposure vaccine?
85-90%
T or F: humans are the only known host for Hep B
true
Hep B:
How is it transmitted?
through coming into contact with Hep B infected body fluids
- sexual contact
- perinatal transmission from mother to infant at birth
- needle sharing
Hep B:
Inc period?
45-160 days
Hep B: who is it recommended for?
- all children
- pre exposure hep B for high risk groups
- post exposure for infants born to hep B infected mothers, household or sexual contacts
Hep B:
recommended dosing schedule for infants?
at months 0, 1 and 6
