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VITAMINS & MINERALS > MODULE 2: Vitamin C > Flashcards

MODULE 2: Vitamin C Flashcards

1
Q

Reduced form of vit C

A

Ascorbate

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2
Q

Oxidized vitamin C form

A

Dehydroascorbate

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3
Q

Absorption of vit C occurs where?

A

Throughout small intestine especially jejunum

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4
Q

SVCT: what are and what do they transport

A

Specialized vitamin C transporters

Transport ASCORBATE

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5
Q

What form of vit C do GLUTs transport (before absorption)?

A

Dehydroascrobate

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6
Q

** % absorption of vitamin D relationship to DOSE SIZE

A

% absorption DECLINES with larger intake of vit C

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7
Q

** Where is vit C stored/in high concentrations?

A 
WBCs
Adrenals 
Pituitary 
Eyes 
Brain
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8
Q

Oxalic acid and kidney stones

A

Oxalic acid = metabolite of vit C metabolism/excretion

Oxalic acid likely contributes to kidney stones

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9
Q

** Vit C and Collagen Synthesis (involved in hydroxylations of what 2 amino acids?

A

Vit C involved in hydroxylations of proline and lysine (needed for synthesis of COLLAGEN)

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10
Q

** Vit C, scar tissue, would healing

A

Vit C involved in synthesis of COLLAGEN which are important for would healing/scar tissue

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11
Q

** Vit C and carnitine; function of carnitine

A

Vit C involved in SYNTHESIS of carnitine

Shuttle fatty acids into mitochondria (to enter TCA/Kreb)

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12
Q

** Vit C, hydroxylation, neurotransmitters (2 specific)

A

Vit C facilitated HYDROXYLATION is required for the synthesis of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN

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13
Q

** Hydroxylation is process by which

A

HYDROXYL (OH) group is introduced to an organic compound (eg. Vit C hydroxylation required for synthesis of collagen)

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14
Q

** Vit C & neurotransmitter and hormone synthesis via a ideation of peptides LOOK UP

A

Safe

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15
Q

** Vit C and microsomal metabolism function/processing of complex molecules

A

Processes endogenous (cholesterol/hormones) and exogenous (toxins) substances

Acts as antioxidant during liver detox of complex molecules (dares ROS that are created during the detox pathways)

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16
Q

** Vit C and cholesterol

A

Aids in the conversion of cholesterol to BILE ACIDS

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17
Q

**Where does vit C act as an antioxidant in the body?

A

Aqueous tissue and tissue compartments (cytoplasm)

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18
Q

** What is antioxidant activity of vitamin C (describe what that means)

A

Vit C is able to donate it’s available electrons in OH and carbonyl groups to terminate ROS

** Ascorbate READILY gives up electrons to reduce free radicals

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19
Q

** In what occasion to vit C act as a PRO OXIDANT? Does it commonly occur?

A

Occurs during the interaction of ascorbate and minerals like IRON, COPPER

UNLIKELY to occur in the body (has only been seen in-Vivo)

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20
Q

Hesperadin and vit C (pulp?)

A

Hesperadin (flavonoid; anti ox found in CITRUS)

Found in HIGHEST concentrations in pith(white membranous part of citrus and white part of PEEL)

Should consume citrus food in FULL FORM

Pulp is HIGHER is vit C/antioxidants

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21
Q

Collagen is crucial for blood vessel X? And a fundamental protein for healthy ?

A

Blood vessel integrity

Healthy SKIN

22
Q

Hesperadin and chronic inflammation

A

Anti inflammatory effects help reduce markers of chronic inflammation

23
Q

Citrus bioflavonoids & BBB & antioxidant effects

A

Citrus bioflavanids (like hesperadin found in citrus fruit pith/membrane) can cross BBB and therefore exert antioxidant/anti inflammation effects in the brain

24
Q

** What lifestyle factors drive down levels of vit C in the body

A 
Intense exercise 
Smoking 
Alcohol consumption 
STRESS 
Medications (amount) 
Drug user
25
Q

** HEMOCHROMATOSIS, vit C, & IRON (LOOK UP)

A

LOOK UP

26
Q

Vitamin C and Osteoarthritis/Degenerative Joint Disease

A

Protective role of vit C on osteoarthritis osteoBLASTS

Antioxidant ability of vit C could help mediate decreased number of osteoblasts during again (that contribute to osteoarthritis)
- Can INCREASE LIFESPAN on osteoblasts !

27
Q

** Food sources Vit C

A

Fruits and vegetables

  • citrus!
  • tomato
  • Strawberries
  • Green peppers etc.
28
Q

** Synthesis of vitamin C in mammals (EXCEPT HUMANS); Enzyme necessary?

A

Mammals can make vitamin C from GLUCOSE but humans lack the necessary enzyme to do so

Enzyme = Gulonolactone oxidase

29
Q

Function SVCT1

A

Main carrier responsible for intestinal vitamin C absorption

30
Q

** Maximum body pool of vitamin C

A

2g

31
Q

Cosubstrate

A

Loosely bound coenzymes

Function: Helps to FACILITATE REACTION OF ENZYMES

32
Q

** # vitamin C hydroxylation reactions required for collagen synthesis

A

3

33
Q

** Enzymes that vitamin C acts as a cofactors for in collagen synthesis; what amino acids are those enzymes used to form?

A

Prolyl hydroxylase (to make PROLINE)

Lysyl hydroxylase (to make LYSINE)

34
Q

** Vitamin C, iron, collagen hydroxylation

A

Ascorbate acts as a REDUCING AGENT to convert oxidized iron (Fe3+) back to it’s reduced state (Fe2+) in the enzymes lysyl hydroxylase and prolyl hydroxylase

35
Q

**Vit C function in collagen and carnitine synthesis

A

Vit C acts as reducing agent (of iron) during hydroxylation reaction required for the synthesis of carnitine and collagen

36
Q

**Vitamin C hydroxylation function in norepinephrine synthesis

A

Norepinephrine is formed in the hydroxylation of the side chain of DOPAMINE

37
Q

** reducing agent means electron ??

A

DONOR

38
Q

** Vitamin C function: ANTIOXIDANT

A

Vitamin C acts as antioxidant in AQUEOUS environments (blood, within cell etc)

39
Q

** Vitamin C, glutathione, vitamin E relationship

A

Vitamin C REGENERATES antioxidants glutathione and vitamin E by contacting electrons

40
Q

** Non antioxidant functions of vitamin C

A

Collagen gene expression
Synthesis of bone matrix
Immune function

41
Q

Is vitamin C an effective prophylactic in cold incidence reduction?

A

NO; reducing colds if used low dose daily

42
Q

**Vitamin C and Iron interaction

A

Vitamin C ENHANCES absorption of IRON

43
Q

** RDA males/females; should it every increase?

A

Males 90mg

Females 75mg

INCREASE DURING PREGNANCY/BREASTFEEDING

44
Q

** Vit C: DEFICIENCY

A 
Scurvy! 
Petechiae (ruptured small blood vessels) 
Bleeding gums 
Decaying teeth 
Abnormal wound healing
45
Q

** Vit C deficiency FOUR H’s

A 
4 H’s of scurvy 
Hemorrhagic 
Hyperkeratosis (hair follicles) 
Hypochondriasis 
Hematologic (Impaired collagen)
46
Q

** Vit C TOXICITY

A

Osmotic diarrhea
Abdominal pain

KIDNEY STONES (for those with renal dysfunction)

47
Q

** Upper limit vitamin C

A

2 g

48
Q

** Catecholamine hydroxylation pathway (phenylalanine —> Epinephrine)

A

Phenylalanine —> L-Tyrosine —> L-Dopa —> Dopamine —> Norepinephrine —> Epinephrine

49
Q

** Ascorbic acid acts as a pro-oxidant when???

A

Interacting with copper or iron; generates FREE RADICALS

50
Q

** Vitamin C is needed for the hydroxylation of??

A

Serotonin

&

Norepinephrine

51
Q

** Vitamins needed for carnitine synthesis

A

B6 & Vitamin C

52
Q

** Toxicity of vitamin C can result in

A

Kidney stones (for those with renal dysfunction)

Excess iron absorption

VITAMINS & MINERALS (9 decks)

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