Module 2 - Social Determinants of Health Flashcards
those who are of a lower socioeconomic level have what risk?
twice the risk of premature death and of developing illness/disease
socioeconomic problems are considered
health problems
what is epidemiology?
the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why they are occurring
epidemiological information is used to..
plan strategies to prevent illness and manage those who already have the disease
endemic
a disease present permanently in a region or population
epidemic
an outbreak affecting many people at one time that can spread through communities. they follow predictable patterns
pandemic
an epidemic that has become global and affects a large percent of the population
transmission of a disease is also known as
the chain of infection
epidemiological triad
model of infectious disease showing spread by the interaction of the agent, host and environment
primary prevention
preventing illness/disease before it occurs via interventions
actions in primary prevention
general health promotion and immunisation
secondary prevention
focus on detecting the disease in its early stages, before symptoms appear
actions in secondary prevention
- cervical screening to detect HPV DNA
- PSA blood test to detect prostate cancer
tertiary prevention
interventions to stop the progress of an already established disease
actions in tertiary prevention
- post stroke physiotherapy
- cardiac rehab program after a heart attack
what are primary health care principles a guide for?
activties in relation to illness prevention, health promotion and modifications in promoting health
primary healthcare principles (AACCHI)
- accessible healthcare
- appropriate technology
- cultural sensitivity and safety
- community participation
- health promotion
- intersectoral collaboration
factors in social determinants of health
- healthy child development
- social support networks
- education/literacy
- employment/working conditions
- social environment
- physical environment
- health practices/coping skills
- health services/resources
- gender/culture
- biological/genetic characteristics
what 3 things are considered the ‘cornerstones of PHC and community care’?
health promotion, illness prevention and health education
what do health educators aim to do?
- raise awareness of environmental conditions impacting on health
- risk factors and behaviours leading to ill health
- motivate individuals to make lifestyle changes to maximise their health
health promotion works to support what?
social networks, attitude change and healthy relationships
what are public health initiatives?
social and political actions designed to enhance health by reducing the prevalence of chronic health conditions
public health initiatives include…
health promotion, health education, health interventions and disease prevention programs
equality means
everyone is treated the same regardless of need
equity means
people are treated differently depending on their need
health equity ensures that
everyone has the knowledge, skills and resources to achieve and maintain good health and wellbeing
morbitity
the condition of being diseased
mortality
the state of being subject to death
incidence
amount of people in a population who develop a condition in a specified time period
prevalence
total number of people in the population with a condition at a particular time
rate
amount of disease, injury, disability or death within a population
