Module 2: "Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society" Flashcards
________ it is the period where paradigm shifts occurred and where scientific beliefs that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people were challenged and opposed. 16th Century
Copernicus Revolution
Earth is the center of the universe
Geocentric
Polish mathematician and astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus (Heliocentric model)
He said “Planets move in elliptical orbits and the sun at the center”
Johannes Kepler
The branch of Science concerned with using extremely long and complicated formulas to describe how a ball rolls
Physics
Developed his own Telescope and observed Venus
Galileo Galilie
Was a British Naturalist and Biologist known for his theory of evolution and his understanding of process of “Natural Selection”
Charles Darwin
Is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English Naturalist
Darwinism
Is a phrase that originated from Darwinian Evolutionary Theory as a way of describing the mechanism on natural selection
“Survival of the Fittest”
Scientific method of understanding inner unconcious conflicts embedded within one’s personality.
Psychoanalysis
Discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective entities which can be studied like physical things
Freudian Revolution
Freud described that the brain can be segmented into compartments (3)
Ego
- Decision making
Super Ego
- Moral and Values
ID
- Unconscious
- pleasure
Four stages of Freud’s Psychosexual stages
OAPL
Oral stage (Mouth) birth - 1
Anal stage (Bowel and Bladder control) 1 - 3
Phallic stage (Genitals) 3 - 6
Latent stage (Lipidos) 6 up
Term used to describe the energy created by the survival and sexual instincts
Libido
Two components of dream
- Manifest Content (normal)
- Latent Content (hidden meaning)
MESO meaning “_____”
Middle
3 Major Civilizations of MESOAMERICA
MIA
- Maya
- Inca
- Aztec
Civilization lasted 2000 years
one of the most advanced societies in MesoAmerica
Mayan Civilization
Sun is located directly at the top of __________ during spring or Fall Equinoxes
Chichen Itza
One of the world’s first civilization to use writing system known as the ____________
Mayan Hieroglyphics
Useful for planning their activities and in observing their religious rituals and cultural celebrations
Mayan Calendar
The most popular ball game were players struck the ball with hips and are not allowed to use their hands
POK-TA-POK
Extensive irrigation system, fed by nine streams that ran through palanque to the fields below
Hydraulic System
Made advanced scientific ideas considering their limitations as an old civilazation
Inca Civilization
Roads were finished with precisely arranged paving stones or cobbles
Inca Road System
Can surmount earthquakes and other disasters
Inca Stone Building
what bridge
The bridges were an integral part of the Inca road system and exemplify Inca innovation in engineering
Suspension buildings
used by Inca for collecting data and keeping records.
Quipu
Highly decorative textile came to symbolize both wealth and status
Inca Textile
Has also made substantial contributions to science and technology
- Mandatory Education
- Chocolates
- Chinampa
- Invention of Canoe
Aztec Civilization
Made from the Cacao tree known as Xocatl
Aztec Chocolate
Believed to help relieve insomnia.
Antipasmodic Medication
Referred to as “floating gardens”
________ are artificial island that created by interweaving reeds with stakes beneath the lake’s surface
Chinampa
Aztec Calendar consisted 365-days cycle called __________
xiuhpohualli
Aztec Calendar consisted 260-days cycle called __________
Tonalpohualli
Biggest Continent in the world
Asian Civilization
What Civilization
Known for:
- Manufacturing iron and metallurgical works
- Famous in medicines
- Mathematics
India Civilization
One of the world’s oldest holistic healing system
Ayurveda
Indian astronomer and mathematician
Introduced trigonometric functions, Algorithms of Algebra
Aytabhata
He suggested that gravity was a force of attraction, the use of zero, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system
Brahmagupta
Founder of mathematical analysis
Madhava of Sangamagrama
A form of alternative medicine and a key component of traditional Chinese Medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body
Acupuncture
made from iron oxide, a mineral ore. Used a lodestone(which automatically points to the souths) and a bronze plate
Chinese Compass
Dominantly occupied by Muslims
Common language of Arabic
Middle East Civilization
- Father of Optics
- Emprical roof of the intromissions theory of lights
IBN AL-HAYTHAM
- Pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials
IBN SINA
Two books of IBN SINA
Book of healing
The canon of medicine
What Civilization
Blessed with natural and mineral sources
Africa Civilization
_______ Were developed and used to build rectilinear structures
Geometry
Tool used for multiplication, division, and simple mathematical calculation
Lebombo bone
who
Law of gravitation
Isaac Newton
Who
Cassiopeia
Tycho Barahe
Who
Planets move in elliptical orbit and the sun at the center
Johannes Kepler
Who
Developed his own telescope and observed venus
Galileo Galilei
