Module 1: "Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology" Flashcards
is(knowledge from) the careful study of the structure and behavior of the physical world, especially by watching, measuring, and doing experiments, and the development of theories to describe the results of these activities
Science
(Natural Philosophers in the Ancient Time) formulate testable explanations and predictions based on their observations
SCIENTISTS
_____ is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. It is a scientific or industrial process, invention, method, or the like.
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY is from Greek from “________” _______ and -logia (study or knowledge).
tekhnē (art or craft)
________ is a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another
ANTECEDENT
_______ was used not for transportation but as potter’s wheel and existed around 3500 BC.
Wheel
It was originally based on two wheels which were attached with an animal like a horse using wood and ropes
Chariot
The Sumerians developed the first form of writing called “________” to maintain business records.
cuneiform
_________ was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to today’s Iraq, mostly, but also parts of modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey
Mesopotamia
It was used to automate opening of temple doors by lighting a fire on the altar.
Aeolipile or steam engine
He invented the Aeolipile or steam engine.
Hero of Alexandria in Egypt
are the earliest paper-like material
Papyrus Sheets
Using the power of oxen to pull the plough
revolutionized agriculture.
Ox-drawn Plough
The black ink was the often used one for writing in __________
hieroglyphs.
________ was very black like carbon black and could not deteriorate when been applied over the papyrus to write.
The ink
The Egyptians were so advanced that had the idea of calculating time as early as the 3,500BC and they invented the _______.
sun clock (sundial).
The oldest surviving sun clock was found in the __________ (year, where)
2013 in the Valley of the Kings.
The ancient Egyptians believed in the afterlife, plenty gods and goddesses which made to actually start the _____________
process of mummification
to preserve the human body from decaying
process of mummification
This is one of the seven famous wonders of the world, representing a series of fortifications made initially of stone, earth and later of bricks.
Great Wall
Originally, it was used in fortune-telling and architecture until the Chinese figured out it could be used for traveling
Compass
Each of the dragons was facing _________ and had a small ball in its mouth. In the case of an earthquake, the dragon facing the closest direction would open its mouth releasing the ball into the mouth of small bronze frog underneath.
downwards
________ was made from mulberry tree bark but the creator later included hemp and fishnets to strengthen it.
recent
archaeological discoveries suggest that it already existed in Ancient
China from around ________.
(Chinese period)
the paper
100 BC
The first mechanical clock in Europe was created around the beginning of the _________.
13th century.
____________ was invented in the Tang dynasty in the ninth century by alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. ________ is a mixture of charcoal, saltpeter and sulfur (same answer)
Gunpowder
However, the first chinese mechanical clock was created in 725 by ______, a Buddhist monk, astronomer, mathematician and mechanical engineer who lived during the Tang Dynasty (from 618 to 907).
Yi Xing
Greek Natural Philosophers (5)
APPPT
- Aristotle
- Ptolemy
- Plato
- Pythagoras
- Thales of
Miletus
The Greeks’ interest in field of science can be seen as far back as the ______, and they have often been hailed as the fathers of science, medicine, zoology, and many other areas.
sixth century BC
Their findings in the areas of _______ (AGM) made them pioneers in the field of science.
astronomy, geography, and mathematics
________ was a geometer, military engineer, astronomer, and logician.
Thales
Thales discovered the ______ and ________ and is credited with predicting a battle-stopping eclipse thought to be on 8 May 585 B.C
solstice, equinox
He invented the gnomon on the sundial (although some say it came from the Babylonians), providing a way to keep track of time.
Anaximander of Miletus
Anaximander of Miletus invented the _______ on the sundial (although some say it came from the Babylonians), providing a way to keep track of time.
gnomon
Anaximander of Miletus
also created a _____ of the known world. He was one of the _________.
map
first cartographers
_________, a greek philosopher constructed his own version of an alarm clock with vessels much ahead of Ctesibius.
Plato
______ decided the Earth must be a globe.
Aristotle (of Stagira)
Aristotle classified animals and is the ____________
father of zoology.
Ptolemy founded the ______ (system) of geocentric astronomy, which held for 1,400 years.
Ptolemaic System
He drew maps with latitude and longitude and developed the science of optics
Ptolemy
Timekeeping devices have emerged since the ancient world, but it was not until the Middle Ages that the technology was invented that allowed for ____________ to accurately keep track of time.
mechanical clocks
While printing technology had been developed in 11th century China, it was the _________ (century, name, printer) that started a new era of the mass production of books.
15th century
German Johannes Gutenberg
_______, this device could be found in Western Europe the latter years of the 13th century. Its ability to correct vision problems makes it a much it one of the most useful medieval inventions and a great benefit to hundreds of millions of people today.
eyeglasses
_______ may have their origin in India sometime between the 5th and 10th Century AD.
Spinning Wheels
__________ replaced the earlier method of hand spinning, in which the individual fibers were drawn out of a mass of wool held on a stick, or distaff, twisted together to form a continuous strand, and then wound on a second stick.
The spinning wheel
The mass disruption to medieval society caused by the plague set the progress of science and discovery back, and the knowledge would not reemerge until the Renaissance.
BLACK DEATH
About 35% of the English population died due
to the ________
BLACK DEATH
Inventions
-Siege Defenses
-War Scythe
-Multi-Barrel Gun
-Ornithopter
-Tank
-Helicopter
-Airplane Wing
Leonardo daVinci
Inventions
- Arts, Law, Medicine, Astronomy
- Heliocentric Universe
Nicholas Copernicus
Inventions
- Physics
Isochronous Motion
Parabolic Motion
Inertia (Newton) - Thermometer
- Telescope
Moon, Jupiter,
Saturn, Milky Way
Galileo Galilei
Inventions
- Pendulum Clock
John Harrison - Regulating Spiral (1675)
- Theory of Light
Christian Huygens
Inventions
- Principia (3 books)
Modern Mechanics
Celestial Mechanics
Laws of the Universe
Isaac Newton
Inventions
- Moveable Type
- Latin Bible
Johannes Gutenburg
__________ marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.
The Industrial Revolution
_________ commonly referred to as the second Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.
The American Industrial Revolution
________ led to inventions that included the telephone, the sewing machine, X-ray, lightbulb, and the combustible engine.
The Industrial Revolution
_________ invents the first steam engine. It is not very useful yet, but the idea of using steam to make machines go will be important to the Industrial Revolution.
Thomas Newcomen
_________, a British carpenter and weaver, invents the spinning jenny.
James Hargreaves
James Hargreaves, a British carpenter and weaver, invents the __________.
spinning jenny.
_________ creates a machine that makes it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber.
Eli Whitney
_______ invents the telegraph, which allows messages to be sent quickly over a wire.
Samuel Morse
At a time when people had to make their own clothes at home or pay someone else to sew them by hand, ________ invents the sewing machine.
Elias Howe
_________ invents a safety break to prevent them from falling if a cable breaks, making people feel more confident about using elevators in tall buildings.
Elisha Otis
Alfred Nobel invents _______, which is a safer way to blast holes in mountains or the ground than simply lighting black powder.
dynamite
________ is important in
clearing paths to build things such as
roads and railroad tracks.
dynamite
A chemist named _________ believed that germs caused disease.
he created vaccines that helped prevent many common diseases, which helped people live longer.
Louis Pasteur
He may not have invented the telephone, but _____________ was the first to get a patent for it.
Alexander Graham Bell
__________ created a light bulb that lasted longer than other designs and showed it off by lighting a lamp.
Thomas Edison
Who discovered
● Special Theory (1905)
● General Theory
● Quantum Theory
● Big Bang Theory
* Curved, Finite
Space
● Atomic Bomb
* Responsibility of
Science
Albert Einstein
What project
- Oppenheimer
- Fermi, Berthe, Teller
- Four Sites
- Project Trinity
⬗ Los Alamos
⬗ Ground Zero-
Alamagordo - Fat Man & Little Boy
- Treason
The Manhattan Project
Who said
“Invention is 1% Inspiration and 99% Perspiration”
Thomas A. Edison
They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.
what era and age
Pre-Colonial Era, Stone age
_________ flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain.
Pottery
During Iron Age, Filipinos were engaged in extraction, smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from _______ and later from China.
Sarawak
By the 10th century, Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with ________________ with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines.
Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-i (Mindoro)
What era
- The beginning of modern science and technology in the Philippines
- _______ established schools, hospitals and started scientific research, greatly shaped by the role of religious orders though
- University of Santo Thomas remained as the highest institution of learning
Spanish Era
father of botany in the Philippines and one the first licensed pharmacist
Leon Ma. Guerrero
What era
● Science and technology in the Philippines advanced rapidly during the _______ regime
● The _______ introduced a system of secularized public-school education
● Primary education was free, with English as the medium of instruction.
● It was followed by the setting up of a Philippine Normal School to train Filipino teachers.
● Secondary school were opened afterward
American era
The University of the Philippines was created on _________ by Act of the Philippine Legislature.
18th June 1908
In 1901, the Bureau of Government Laboratories was created and later named _________
Bureau of Science
Philippine economic development was determined by ____________
free trade relations
________ were invented, which allowed people to harness the energy from natural forces like rivers and wind, a process that continues to the present-day.
WATER AND WINDMILLS
