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Sensation and Perception Fall 2024 > Module 2 iClicker Questions > Flashcards

Module 2 iClicker Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How does the density of molecules within the medium (e.g., air or water) influence sound?

A

Higher density mediums will allow the sound waves to travel faster through them

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2
Q

Yes or No: Is there sound inside a vaccum (i.e. place with no molecules)?

A

No

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3
Q

You want your head-banging music to be heard as far away from the source as possible. Where should you play your music?

A

Underwater
Underwater things travel faster and farther because the distance of molecules (basically touching)
-earth, then moon in distance

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4
Q

Amplitude/Intensity is associated with the perceptual quality of _, while frequency is associated with the perceptual quality of _.

A

Loudness
Pitch

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5
Q

Speech is an example of a __. (_ sound)

A

Complex sound

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6
Q

How do ear trumpets aid in the ability to hear sounds?

A

It funnels more sound to the ear

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7
Q

What order is the structure of the Outer ear? (3)

A

Pinna
Ear Canal
Tympanic membrane

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8
Q

Name the ossicles in the correct order (3)

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes
(MIS)

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9
Q

What is the primary role of the ossicles?

A

Amplify sound vibrations

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10
Q

What is the function of the round window?

A

Relieves pressure in the cochlea

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11
Q

What is the name of the structure that will eventually translate sound pressure movement into a neural signal?

A

Organ of Corti

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12
Q

What is the function of the three canals on the top of the cochlea (gray portion)?

A

Part of the vestibular system

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13
Q

Why aren’t sound waves transmitted directly to the oval window? (i.e. why have the tympanic membrane and ossicles)

A

Signal needs to be amplified

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14
Q

If you took a tiny pair of scissors and cut all the tip links in your cochlea, what would happen?

A

You would be deaf

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15
Q

Why does calcium enter the hair cell in response to vibrational movement?

A

The rapid depolarization of the hair cell opens voltage gated calcium channels

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16
Q

Which of the following is directly responsible for deflecting hair cells

A

Movement of the tectorial/basilar membrane

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17
Q

The gelatinous flap on the top of the organ of Corti is called:

A

Tectorial Membrane

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18
Q

The shearing of the hair cells pulls on tip-links allowing which ion to enter the cell?

A

Potassium (K+)

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19
Q

Louder sounds (regardless of frequency) will…

A

Cause the basilar/tectorial membrane to move to a greater degree, increasing the shearing force on the hair cells

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20
Q

True or False: Auditory nerve fibers selectively respond to different frequencies?

A

True

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21
Q

Why is rate saturation a problem for the auditory system?

A

A single auditory nerve can’t reliably measure frequency
(b/c connected to a specific part in the cochlea)
-also makes the inner hair cells less sharply tuned

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22
Q

Rods in the retina are specialized for low intensities of light. Which types of auditory nerve fiber has a similar function?

A

High-spontaneous fibers

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23
Q

Efferent nerve fibers carries information _?

A

away from the CNS

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24
Q

What is the function of the outer hair cells?

A

Makes the inner hair cells more sharply tuned

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25
Q

How do neurons encode higher frequencies?

A

Multiple nerve fibers are used

26
Q

Regardless of the mechanism, where in the brain is sound localization using interaural time differences primarily occurring?

A

Medial Superior Olive

27
Q

What is the latest theory for how the brain localizes sound?

A

Compares the differences in frequency (ie activation location in the cochlea) to measure time differences

28
Q

Humans are better at localizing sound using intensity at high frequencies. Why?

A

Head blocks higher frequencies

29
Q

Which of these frequencies would be the most difficult for you to localize?
100 Hz
500 Hz
1,000 Hz
5,000 Hz

A

100 Hz

30
Q

Where in the brain is intramural level differences (intensity) primarily processed?

A

Lateral Superior Olive

31
Q

Yes or No: Is intramural level difference and intramural time difference sufficient to localize all sounds?

A

No

32
Q

What is the nerve that carries auditory information to the brain?

A

VIII- Vestibocochlear

33
Q

What is the brain stem nucleus at which afferent auditory nerve fibers synapse?

A

Cochlear Nucleus
(the vestibularcochlear nerve)

34
Q

Which brain region plays a specialized role in sound localization?

A

Superior Olive

35
Q

Which brain region is part of the thalamus and plays an important role in sensory feedback?

A

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

36
Q

In which of the following brain regions is a neuron that responds to both light and sound most likely to be found?

A

Parabelt Area

37
Q

Which of the following regions is tonotopically organized?
Medial Geniculate Nucleus
Superior Olive
Cochlear nucleus
Primary Auditory Cortex

A

All of them

38
Q

Auditory nerve fibers that project to the cochlear nucleus originate in the …

A

Cochlea

39
Q

Higher frequency sounds will stimulate…

A

the cochlea near the oval window

40
Q

Adding earplugs to your ears reduces your ability to detect sounds. What kind of hearing loss is this?

A

Conductive hearing loss

41
Q

Otosclerosis is a medical conditions characterized by hearing loss due to abnormal growth of the middle ear bones. What kind of hearing loss is this?

A

Conductive hearing loss
-part of the middle ear bones, conduct vibrations
-not the sensory cell or anything neural, it is a bone (not part of the nervous system)

42
Q

You love loud music. You have suffered hearing loss due to the hair cells being damaged. What kind of hearing loss is this?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss
-hair cells (sensory cells)

43
Q

Your professor is always harassing you about labeling your axes. Today you are going to create a figure depicting your own audiogram. On the X axis is frequency and the y axis is the lowest intensity of sound you can hear. What are the units on the y axis?

A

Decibels (dB)

44
Q

What is the function of the round window in your auditory system?

A

Relieves pressure in the cochlea

45
Q

Which of the following principles are helpful in explaining the auditory system encodes frequency information?
Rate Saturation
Cochlear Place code
Phase Locking
Volley Principle
All of the above

A

All of the above

46
Q

Your friend has a tumor in an auditory brain region. He can hear the sound but is unable to localize it. Which brain region would be a great place to look first?

A

Superior Olive

47
Q

What is the current theory for how the brain localizes sound using interaural TIME differences?

A

Your brain compares the differences in activation location in the cochlea

48
Q

Your friend put a pencil in their ear, bursting their ear drum. Now he/she can’t hear anything.What kind of hearing loss is your friend suffering from?

A

Conductive hearing loss

49
Q

All the auditory nerve fibers join the vestibular nerve fibers to form…

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

50
Q

What are the Ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

51
Q

What is the function of the ear canal?

A

Amplifies certain frequencies

52
Q

This brain region is part of the Thalamus and plays a role in auditory attention?

A

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

53
Q

This brain region plays an important role in frequency recognition and pitch discrimination?

A

Inferior Colliculus

54
Q

This ion is responsible for depolarizing hair cells…

A

K+
(Potassium)

55
Q

According to the cochlear place code, high frequency sounds will stimulate the organ of Corti near the …

A

Oval window

56
Q

Your friend has a tumor on their vestibulocochlear nerve. Now he/she can’t hear anything. What kind of hearing loss is your friend suffering from?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

57
Q

This structure only function is to help localize and funnel sound?

A

Pinna

58
Q

Which of the following structures help protect the tympanic membrane?

A

Ear canal

59
Q

What is the function of the Oval window?

A

Convert movement of the ossicles to fluid movement within the cochlea

60
Q

What does tonotopic mean?

A

Organized according to sound frequencies

61
Q

I want to use optogenetics to stimulate hair cells. Which of the following should I express in these cells?

A

Light gated potassium channel
-because it is optogenetics (need light)

Sensation and Perception Fall 2024 (10 decks)

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