iClicker Module 5 & 6 Flashcards
What is the difference between taste and flavor?
Flavor involves both the gustatory and olfactory system
What structure actually transducer tastants (e.g. salt) into a neural signal?
Taste receptor
Which type of papillae has no taste function?
Filiform papillae
Which type of papillae is located on the side of the tongue?
Foliate papillae
The density of these papillae differ in super tasters?
Fungiform papillae
What is really unusual about type I and type II taste bud cells (as compared to other sensory neurons)?
Lack synapses
Which type of taste bud cells does synapse with gustatory afferents?
Type III cells
Which type of taste bud cells detect salts?
Type I cells
Which taste bud cells detect Unami?
Type II cells
Which of the following is a function of taste receptors?
Helps remove harmful chemicals from the airways
Slows the absorption of potential toxins in the stomach
Detect salt or sour tastants
Contribute to flavor
Potassium chloride can be used as a salt substitute but too much of it can cause a bitter metallic taste. Which ion is responsible for the salty taste?
K+ (Potassium)
Have you ever gone to a restaurant and thought the food was too salty, while another people seem to be eating it happily? What is the reason?
Your sensitivity to salty food can change depending on your diet
Which one of the following solutions would taste the sourest?
Solution A (pH 2)
Solution B (pH 4)
Solution C (pH 6)
SOlution D
Solution E
Solution A
How does the acidity of the solution relate to its perceived sourness?
More H+ ions will enter the tastebud cell when exposed to stronger acid
Why is it important top detect bitter compounds?
Bitter taste can signal the ingestion of poisons
How does taste bud cell sense bitter compounds?
Bitter compounds bind to a receptor, triggering a secondary message cascade increasing calcium
Why do we love the taste of High Fructose Corn Syrup in our foods?
Fructose is sweeter than glucose
How does a taste bud cell sense sweet compounds?
Glucose bind to a receptor, triggering a secondary messenger cascade increasing calcium
I love Chinese food. Should be especially worried about my intake of MSG?
No, not really
How does a taste bud cell sense MSG?
MSG bind to a receptor, triggering a secondary messenger cascade increasing calcium
How does a taste bud cell sense spicy food?
Taste bud cells don’t sense spicy foods
(part of nociceptors)
What to do if you eat something super spicy?
-Wait for the burning to stop (when your tongue becomes desensitized and the rest of it will be easier to eat)
-Drink milk/ eat chocolate (the fat helps break down the bounds between the capsaicin and the receptor)
-Sugar (granulated sugar and honey will reduce the heat; the sugar absorbs the spicy oil and will provide a different taste)
-Eat bread (soak up the oil that remain in your mouth
Which cranial nerve(s) carries information about tastings?
Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)
Cranial Nerve X (vagus)
Which brain area is thought to account for the perception of sweet?
Insular Cortex
Wavelengths of light is to color as _ are to _.
-Odorants
-Odors
Colors are different wavelengths of light
Components of an odor are made up of single chemicals
Do all chemicals have a ‘smell’ to humans?
No
(ex: CO2; carbon monoxide)
Out for his daily walk, a dog stops and smells a tree that is a popular spot for other dogs to pee. After 30 minutes, he stops and smells the same tree, assuming no other dogs peed on the tree. Does it smell exactly the same?
No
-changing, the chemical signal is changing all the time
-interacting with oxygen and other chemicals
-some evaporate, some combine, etc.