MODULE 2: DEVELOPMENT Flashcards by Alyza Mae Amil Arguelles

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
_________ is never measured by external factors alone.

INDIVIDUALITY

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
__________ forms part and parcel of one’s persona.

MENTAL ABILITY

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
__________ one element that separates one from all others of the same demographic people.

INTELLIGENCE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
TRUE OR FALSE:
__________ All other things equal, individuals have the ability and even to learn. However, their innate capacity allows them to acquire and imbibe more from their external environment. These learnings whether significant or not become a basis for evaluating, analyzing and making decisions pertinent to their everyday dilemmas.

TRUE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Several philosophers have asserted that intelligence cannot be __________ measured considering that standards differ according to time and space.

ABSOLUTELY

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Which well-known figure stated this quote?
“The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination”.

ALBERT EINSTEIN

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Which well-known figure stated this quote?
“I know that l am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.”

SOCRATES

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPEMENT
TRUE OR FALSE:
The true measure of intelligence and its definition CAN be absolutely established.

FALSE; cannot

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
Hence, we refer to how psychologists have endeavored to _________ intelligence.

CONCEPTUALIZE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
________ or Intellectual Development means the growth of a child’s ability to __________ and __________.

COGNITIVE; THINK; REASON

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
It is about how they _________ their minds, __________ and thoughts to make __________ of the world they live in.

ORGANIZE; IDEAS; SENSE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
A Swiss psychologist ____________ proposed four (4) major stages of cognitive development:

JEAN PIAGET

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What are the 4 Major Stages of Cognitive Development?

1/ SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE
2/ PREOPERATIONAL THINKING
3/ CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THINKING
4/ FORMAL OPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVLOPMENT
What stage from the 4 Major Stages of Cognitive Development starts from BIRTH TO 2 YEARS OLD?

SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- Infants discover the relationship between actions and the consequences of these actions.

SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- They learn how to grasp, push, crawl, stand and walk.

SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- Memory and Early Language is Developing.

SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- The child learns how to use language, represents objects by using words, develops memory and imagination, engages into make-believe stories.

PREOPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- The child thinks based on his intuition but still lacks logic.

PREOPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVLOPMENT
What stage from the 4 Major Stages of Cognitive Development starts from 2 TO 7 YEARS OLD?

PREOPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVLOPMENT
What stage from the 4 Major Stages of Cognitive Development starts from 7 TO 10 YEARS OLD?

CPNCRETE OPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- The child starts thinking logically about objects, events and can concretely reason out. Being egocentric is decreasing while awareness of external events is increasing.

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVLOPMENT
What stage from the 4 Major Stages of Cognitive Development starts from 11 years old and UP?

FORMAL OPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
What stage of cognitive development is this?
- The child thinks logically, formulate hypotheses and possibilities and become concerned of personal and social relationships.

FORMAL OPERATIONAL THINKING

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INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT You are at the stage of _________ your cognitive __________ which includes _________, _________, and _________.

ENHANCING; COGNITIVE; REASONING; PROBLEM SOLVING; ABSTRACT THINKING

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The __________ of the individual during the l__________ requires the __________ between a NEGATIVE and a POSITIVE choice.

MATURATION; LIFESPAN; BALANCING

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT TRUE OR FALSE: Similar to when an individual is confronted with the decision of either waking up to prepare for school or just snuggle on his bed the whole day. The positive should PREDOMINATE though a degree of the negative is needed as well.

TRUE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVLOPMENT "PSYCHO" from Psychosocial means?

PERSON'S INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT "SOCIAL" from PSYCHOSOCIAL means?

NEEDS OR DEMANDS OF SOCIETY

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT __________ _________ refers to how a person's individual needs (?) mesh with the needs or demands of society (?).

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; PSYCHO; SOCIAL

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT TRUE OR FALSE: The Psychosocial Development of people EXTENDS BEYOND childhood and even adolescence.

TRUE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT TRUE OR FALSE: As persons continue to age, they continue to mature and change as well depending on the resolution of the issues confronting them.

TRUE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT What are the 6 Agents of Socialization?

1/ FAMILY 2/ SCHOOL 3/ CHURCH 4/ GOVERNMENT 5/ SOCIAL OR MASS MEDIA 6/ PEERS

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The family is the ___________ ___________ that nourishes the child, _________ the child towards the basics of life and how the child should go about everyday tasks.

INITIAL INSTITUTION; DIRECT

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT What agent of socialization is the primary?

FAMILY

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Family transmits what?

1/ CULTURAL VALUES 2/ BELIEFS 3/ TRADITIONS

PSYCHOSCOIAL DEVELOPMENT Family influences children's initial ________ _________, _______ ________, and basic understanding of _______ ________.

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; LANGUAGE ACQUISITION; SOCIAL ROLES

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT This plays a significant role in socialization.

FORMAL EDUCATION

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Expose individuals to ________ learning environments, help develop ________ skills, and impart _______ ______ and values

STRUCTURED; COGNITIVE; SOCIETAL NORMS

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT School contribute to the development of:

1/ SOCIAL SKILLS 2/ COMPETITION 3/ TEAMWORK 4/ DISCIPLINE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Religious institutions teach individuals about:

1/ SPIRITUAL BELIEFS 2/ MORALVALUES 3/ ETHICAL CODES

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT They often play a role in shaping an individual's _________ guiding their behavior, and providing a sense of community and belonging.

CHURCH; WORLDVIEW

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT _________ _________ and _________ _________ introduce individuals to the broader concepts of: 1/ 2/ 3/

GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL PROCESSES; CITIZENSHIP; CIVIC DUTIES; SOCIETAL GOVERNANCE

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT The government influence opinions on:

1/ SOCIAL ISSUES 2/ JUSTICE 3/ RIGHTS

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT _________ ________, including television, movies, music, the internet, and social media platforms, greatly influence how individuals perceiver the world around the.

MASS MEDIA

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Media can shape:

1/ VALUES 2/ BELIEFS 3/ ATTITUDES 4/ POLITICAL OPINIONS

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT _______ are individuals who are of similar age and social status.

PEERS

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Interactions with peers allow individuals to learn about:

1/ SOCIAL DYNAMICS 2/ DEVELOP COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3/ ADOPT BEHAVIORS

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT What are the 8 STAGES of Psychosocial Development? and who conceptualized it?

1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST 2. AUTONOMY VS SHAME 3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT 4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY 5. IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION 6. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION 7. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION 8. EGO INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR ERIK ERIKSON

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT This stage begins at birth and lasts until around 18 months of age.

TRUST VS. MISTRUST

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT What stage? During this stage, the infant is completely dependent on their caregiver to meet their needs. With consistent care, the infant learns to trust and feel secure. The virtue gained in this stage is "_______."

Trust vs. Mistrust; HOPE

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT What stage? Occurs from 18 months to around 3 years of age.

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? During this stage, children's physical skills grow while they explore their environment and learn to be more independent.

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? Children react positively during stage 2 when caregivers allow them to work on developing independence within a safe environment.

AUTONOMY VS SHAME

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The virtue gained in Autonomy Vs. Shame:

WILL

PSYCHOSOCIAL BEHAVIOR WHAT STAGE? Occurs during the EARLY SCHOOL-AGE years of a child's life.

INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? - A child learns to initiate social interactions and play activities with other children. - Children also ask lots of questions in this stage. - If the child is overly-controlled or made to feel that their questions are annoying, the child can develop feelings of guilt.

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT A child successful at the Initiative vs. Guilt Stage gains the virtue of a sense of:

PURPOSE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? Occurs between the ages of 5 and 12 YEARS OF AGE.

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT - During this stage, a child is learning how to read and write. - Also put a higher amount of importance on what their peers think about them, and start to take pride in their accomplishment

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The virtue/s gained from Industry vs. Inferiority.

COMPETENCE/ LOW SELF-ESTEEM

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? Occurs between the ages of 12 TO 18.

IDENTITY VS. CONFUSION

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? - Teens are trying to "find themselves" and are searching for a sense of identity. - Teens also learn how to accept other people who are different than themselves.

IDENTITY VS. CONFUSION

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The virtue/sthat can be gained in Identity vs. Confusion are:

FIDELITY; FAITHFULNESS

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? Occurs in YOUNG ADULTHOOD (ages 18 to 40 years)

INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? The main focus in this stage is developing intimate relationships, and the virtue to be gained is "love". Feel alone and isolated. In some cases, this can lead to "DEPRESSION".

INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

PHYSCOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? Occurs between 40 to 65 years of age.

GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT - Generativity is a person's way of "leaving a mark" on the world by giving back to society. - This can include mentoring the younger generation, being successful at work, and positively impacting the community.

GERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The virtue that can be gained in stage 7 (Generativity vs. Stagnation):

CARE

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? Begins around age 65 years and continues for the remainder of a person's life.

INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT -A person reflects on their life and their accomplishments and comes to terms with the fact that death is unavoidable. - If a person does not feel their life was productive, or if a person has guilt over things that occurred in the past, it can lead to feelings of despair.

INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT If a person is successful in stage 8 (Integrity vs. Despair), the virtue to be gained is:

WISDOM

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Refers-to the changes that occur in the human body's structure and function over time. It encompasses various aspects such as growth, coordination, body composition.

PHYSICAL DEVLOPMENT

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Particularly prominent during ___________and ___________, but it continues throughout a person's lifespan.

CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE AND FILL IN THE BLANKS. - During this stage, rapid growth occurs, with infants doubling their birth weight by around _____ months and tripling it by their first birthday. - ________ ________develop, starting with reflexes and progressing to intentional movements like reaching, crawling, and walking. - _______ ______, such as grasping objects, also develop.

INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD 5; MOTOR SKILLS; FINE MOTOR SKILLS

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE AND FILL IN THE BLANKS. - Growth continues, but at a slower pace compared to infancy. - Children refine their ______ _______ and ___________, becoming more adept at activities like running, jumping, and riding a bicycle. - ________ _______ _____________ improves, and children gain better control over their movements.

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD MOTOR SKILLS;COORDINATION;HAND-EYE COORDINATION

PHYSICAL DEVLOPMENT WHAT STAGE AND FILL IN THE BLANKS. - This is a period of significant ______ _______, particularly in terms of height and weight. - Secondary sexual characteristics develop due to hormonal changes, including the growth of breasts in females facial hair in males - Motor skills become more refined, and adolescents often engage in sports and physical activities that help them improve the physical abilities.

ADOLESCENCE; GROWTH SPURTS

PHYSICAL DEVLOPMENT WHAT STAGE AND FILL IN THE BLANKS, - Physical development becomes more focused on maintaining health and wellness rather than rapid growth. - Muscle strength, bone density, and overall fitness are important considerations. - Changes in body composition, such as _____ ______ AND ________________ ___ _________.

ADULTHOOD MUSCLE LOSS/ CHANGES IN METABOLISM

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT WHAT STAGE? - This stage is marked by a decline in..... A. muscle mass B. bone density C. overall physical strength - Joint flexibility and mobility may decrease, greater risk of chronic health conditions - However, engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help mitigate some of these effects.

EARLY ADULTHOOD

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IS INFLUENCED BY A COMBINATION OF:

GENETIC FACTORS;ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INCLUDING: 1/ NUTRITION 2/ EXERCISE 3/ HEALTH CARE 4/ SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS

MORAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT - Refers to the progression of an individual's ethical understanding, values, and ability to distinguish right from wrong as they grow and mature. - This aspect of development is closely tied to the"

MORAL ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE;EMOTIONAL;SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

MORAL ASPECT What are the key components of the moral aspect of development?

1/ MORAL REASONING - PRECON-CON-POSTCON 2/ EMPATHY AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR 3/ MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS - HONESTY AND INTEGRITY - COMPASSION AND EMPATHY - JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS - RESPECT - LOYALTY - GRATITUDE - ALTRUISM - ACCOUNTABILITY - PUNCTUALITY - SELF-DISCIPLINE

MORAL ASPECT Who made the stags of moral development?

LAWRENCE KOHLBERG

MORAL ASPECT- MORAL - Refers to the cognitive processes that individuals use to make ethical decisions. - Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a series of stages that individuals go through as they develop their moral reasoning:

MORAL REASONING

MORAL ASPECT- MORAL - At this level, moral decisions are based on the fear of punishment and the pursuit of rewards. - Children focus on their own self-interests.

PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL

MORAL ASPECT-MORAL - Individuals begin to conform to societal norms and expectations. - Moral decisions are made to gain approval from others and maintain social order.

CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

MORAL ASPECT-MORAL - At this highest level, moral decisions are guided by personal principles and a sense of justice. - Individuals are willing to question and transcend societal norms if they conflict with their internal ethical principles.

POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL

MORAL ASPECT-EMPATHY AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR - The ability to understand and share the feelings of others, plays a crucial role in moral development. - As individuals develop empathy, they become more attuned to the well-being of others and are more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors, such as: 1. helping 2. sharing, and 3. cooperating

EMPATHY

MORAL ASPECT- MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS - As individuals mature; they develop a set of moral values and beliefs that guide their behavior. These values can be influenced by *cultural *familial *religious, and *societal factors

MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS

MORAL ASPECT- MORAL VALUES & BELIEFS Being truthful, trustworthy, and maintaining high ethical standards in all interactions.

HONESTY AND INTEGRITY

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Understanding and caring about the feelings and needs of others, and taking action to help and support them.

COMPASSION AND EMPATHY

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Treating all individuals impartially and equitably, and advocating for equal opportunities and treatment.

JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Treating others with consideration, fairness, and valuing their rights, beliefs, and opinions.

RESPECT

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Remaining steadfast and devoted to individuals, groups, or causes that are important to you.

LOYALTY

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Recognizing and appreciating the positive things in one's life and expressing thankfulness.

GRATITUDE

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Selflessly helping others without expecting anything in return.

ALTRUISM

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Taking responsibility for one's mistakes and learning from them to grow and improve.

ACCOUNTABILITY

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Showing respect for others' time by being on time for commitments and appointments

PUNCTUALITY

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS Exercising self-control and willpower to make ethical choices and achieve personal goals.

SELF- DISCIPLINE

MORAL ASPECT - MORAL VALUES AND BELIEFS These values can vary based on:

CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS, AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

MORAL ASPECT - EMPATHY Prosocial Behaviors:

HELPING SHARING COOPERATING