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2nd sem-Human Histology PRELIM > Module 2 (CELL) > Flashcards

Module 2 (CELL) Flashcards

1
Q

BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF CELL

A

Cytology

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2
Q

BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE BODY

A

CELL

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3
Q

WITH NUCLEAR MEMBRANE / CYTOPLASM IS HIGHLY ORGANIZED

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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4
Q

ABSENCE MOF NUCLEAR MEMBRANE / CYTOPLASM NOT HIGHLY ORGANIZED

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

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5
Q

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

A

ORGANIC SUBSTANCE
INORGANIC SUBSTANCE

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6
Q

ORGANIC SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL

A

LIPIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS

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7
Q

INORGANIC SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL

A

MINERALS
WATER
GASES

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8
Q

PARTS OF THE CELL

A

PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
CYTOSOL
NUCLEUS

ORGANELLES
RIBOSOMES
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
GOLGI COMPLEX /
APPARATUS *flattened sacs CISTERNs
LYSOSOMES *digestive enzymes
PEROXISOMES *detoxification / with digestive enzymes too
MITOCHONDRIA
CYTOSKELETON

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9
Q

PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS REPRODUCE THEMSELVES

A

CELL DIVISION

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10
Q

CONSISTS OF NUCLEAR DIVISION AND CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION

A

CELL DIVISION

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11
Q

THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS ENSURE THAT EACH DAUGHTER CELLS WILL HAVE A COMPLETE SET OF CHROMOSOMES (46) *WITHOUT MAINTAINING THE SAME NUMBER AND TYPE OF CHROMOSOMES, THE DAUGHTER CELLS WOULD NOT BE VIABLE.

A

MITOSIS

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12
Q

DURING THE PROCESS, QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVELY IDENTICAL DNA IS DELIVERED TO DAUGHTER CELLS FORMED BY CELL DIVIDION

A

MITOSIS

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12
Q

THE CHROMOSOMES ARE DUPLICATED, AND ONE OF EACH PAIR IS PASSED TO THE DAUGHTER CELLS

A

MITOSIS

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13
Q

RESTING STAGE BETWEEN CELL DIVISIONS

A

INTERPHASE
(2N)

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14
Q

CHROMATIN IS UNCONDENSED

A

INTERPHASE
(2N)

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14
Q

CELLS ARE SYNTHESIZING RNA AND PROTEINS

A

INTERPHASE
(2N)

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15
Q

DISAPPEARANCE OF NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND NUCLEOLUS

A

PROPHASE
(2N)

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16
Q

FIRST STAGE OF MITOTIC CELL DIVISION

A

PROPHASE
(2N)

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16
Q

CHROMATIN FIBERS SHORTEN AND COIL INTO VISIBLE CHROMOSOMES

A

PROPHASE
(2N)

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17
Q

MIGRATION OF CENTROSOME TO APPROPRIATE POLE OF CELL FORMING SPINDLE FIBER

A

PROPHASE
(2N)

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18
Q

MITOTIC SPINDLE MIGRATES TO THE CENTER OR EQUATORIAL PLATE

A

METAPHASE
(4N)

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19
Q

SOME FIBERS CROSS TO THE OTHER SIDE

A

METAPHASE
(4N)

20
Q

NO NUCLEUS OR NUCLEAR MEMBRANE in this phase

A

METAPHASE
(4N)

21
Q

SPINDLE FIBERS SHORTEN ANS SOME START TO DISAPPEAR

A

ANAPHASE
(4N)

22
Q

CENTROMERES DIVIDE AND IDENTICAL SETS OF CHROMOSOME MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL

A

ANAPHASE
(4N)

23
Q

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE (ENCLOSES THE CHROMOSOME) AND NUCLEOLI REAPPEAR
SPINDLEFIBERS DISAPPEAR

A

TELOPHASE
(2N)

24
Q

CHROMOSOMES RESUME CHROMATIN FIBER FORM

A

TELOPHASE
(2N)

25
Q

AN ORGANISM GROWS AS A RESULT OF MITOSIS (INCREASE IN NUMBER)

A

DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH

26
Q

MITOSIS REPLACE OLD CELLS BY NEW CELLS (E.G. SKIN CELLS, BLOOD CELLS
)

A

CELL REPLACEMENT

27
Q

SOME ORGANISM CAN REGENERATE BODY PARTS

A

REGENERATION

28
Q

SOME ORGANISM REPRODUCE THROUGH MITOSIS

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

29
Q

A PROCESS TO PRODUCE THE GAMETES OR SEX CELLS

A

MEIOSIS

30
Q

RESULTS IN UNIQUE, RATHER THAN TWO IDENTICAL, DAUGHTER CELLS

A

MEIOSIS

31
Q

GAMETES CARRY A HAPLOID (23) NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES (1N) SO THAT WHEN THEY COMBINE, THE RESULTING CELL HAS A 2N CONFIGURATION.

A

MEIOSIS

32
Q

IMPORTANT FOR REPRODUCTION. WITHOUT THIS, THERE WOULD BE NO CHANGE FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION , AND EVOLUTION WOULD NOT OCCUR OR

A

MEIOSIS

33
Q

HAPPEN TOO SLOWLY FOR ORGANISMS TO ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES

A

MEIOSIS

34
Q

REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME FROM DIPLOD (2N) TO HAPLOAD (1N)

A

MEIOSIS I

35
Q

THE SAME AS IN MITOSIS, PRODUCING 4 HAPLOID CELLS

A

MEIOSIS II

36
Q

RESTING STAGE BETWEEN CELL DIVISIONS

A

INTERPHASE (2N)

37
Q

CELLS ARE SYNTHESIZING RNA AND PROTEINS

A

INTERPHASE (2N)

38
Q

CHROMATIN IS UNCONDENSED

A

INTERPHASE (2N)

39
Q

CHROMOSOMES CONDENSE

A

PROPHASE
(4N)

40
Q

CHROMOSOME CROSSING OVER OCCURS AT THIS STAGE

A

PROPHASE
(4N)

41
Q

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEAR

A

METAPHASE (4N)

42
Q

FORMATION OF SPINDLE FIBER

A

METAPHASE (4N)

43
Q

PAIR OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME LINE UP TO THE EQUATORIAL PLATE

A

METAPHASE (4N)

44
Q

MEMBER OF EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR SEPARATE, EACH MOVING TO OPPOSITE POLE OF CELL

A

ANAPHASE
(4N)

45
Q

CENTROMERES DO NOT SPLIT, PAIRED CHROMOSOMES REMAIN TOGETHER

A

ANAPHASE
(4N)

46
Q

SEPARATED HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES ARE RE-ENCLOSED IN A NEW NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

A

TELOPHASE
(2N)

47
Q

PRODUCE 2 DAUGHTER CELLS WITH HAPLOID NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES

A

TELOPHASE
(2N)

48
Q

CLOSE RESEMBLES THE OCCURRENCE OF MITOSIS

A

MEIOSIS II

49
Q

RESULTS IN FOUR HAPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS EACH CONTAINING ONE-HALF THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE ORIGINAL PARENT CELL OR EACH HAS 23 CHROMOSOMES.

A

MEIOSIS II

50
Q

SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS

A

INCREASES THE GENETIC DIVERISTY OF AN ORGANISM PRODUCE SEXUALLY

AS A RESULT, NEW COMBINATION OF TRAITS EMERGE IN A POPULATION

2nd sem-Human Histology PRELIM (6 decks)

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