Module 2 (CELL) Flashcards
BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF CELL
Cytology
BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE BODY
CELL
WITH NUCLEAR MEMBRANE / CYTOPLASM IS HIGHLY ORGANIZED
EUKARYOTIC CELL
ABSENCE MOF NUCLEAR MEMBRANE / CYTOPLASM NOT HIGHLY ORGANIZED
PROKARYOTIC CELL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL
ORGANIC SUBSTANCE
INORGANIC SUBSTANCE
ORGANIC SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL
LIPIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
INORGANIC SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL
MINERALS
WATER
GASES
PARTS OF THE CELL
PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
CYTOSOL
NUCLEUS
ORGANELLES
RIBOSOMES
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
GOLGI COMPLEX /
APPARATUS *flattened sacs CISTERNs
LYSOSOMES *digestive enzymes
PEROXISOMES *detoxification / with digestive enzymes too
MITOCHONDRIA
CYTOSKELETON
PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS REPRODUCE THEMSELVES
CELL DIVISION
CONSISTS OF NUCLEAR DIVISION AND CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION
CELL DIVISION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS ENSURE THAT EACH DAUGHTER CELLS WILL HAVE A COMPLETE SET OF CHROMOSOMES (46) *WITHOUT MAINTAINING THE SAME NUMBER AND TYPE OF CHROMOSOMES, THE DAUGHTER CELLS WOULD NOT BE VIABLE.
MITOSIS
DURING THE PROCESS, QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVELY IDENTICAL DNA IS DELIVERED TO DAUGHTER CELLS FORMED BY CELL DIVIDION
MITOSIS
THE CHROMOSOMES ARE DUPLICATED, AND ONE OF EACH PAIR IS PASSED TO THE DAUGHTER CELLS
MITOSIS
RESTING STAGE BETWEEN CELL DIVISIONS
INTERPHASE
(2N)
CHROMATIN IS UNCONDENSED
INTERPHASE
(2N)
CELLS ARE SYNTHESIZING RNA AND PROTEINS
INTERPHASE
(2N)
DISAPPEARANCE OF NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND NUCLEOLUS
PROPHASE
(2N)
FIRST STAGE OF MITOTIC CELL DIVISION
PROPHASE
(2N)
CHROMATIN FIBERS SHORTEN AND COIL INTO VISIBLE CHROMOSOMES
PROPHASE
(2N)
MIGRATION OF CENTROSOME TO APPROPRIATE POLE OF CELL FORMING SPINDLE FIBER
PROPHASE
(2N)
MITOTIC SPINDLE MIGRATES TO THE CENTER OR EQUATORIAL PLATE
METAPHASE
(4N)
SOME FIBERS CROSS TO THE OTHER SIDE
METAPHASE
(4N)
NO NUCLEUS OR NUCLEAR MEMBRANE in this phase
METAPHASE
(4N)
SPINDLE FIBERS SHORTEN ANS SOME START TO DISAPPEAR
ANAPHASE
(4N)
CENTROMERES DIVIDE AND IDENTICAL SETS OF CHROMOSOME MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL
ANAPHASE
(4N)
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE (ENCLOSES THE CHROMOSOME) AND NUCLEOLI REAPPEAR
SPINDLEFIBERS DISAPPEAR
TELOPHASE
(2N)
CHROMOSOMES RESUME CHROMATIN FIBER FORM
TELOPHASE
(2N)
AN ORGANISM GROWS AS A RESULT OF MITOSIS (INCREASE IN NUMBER)
DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
MITOSIS REPLACE OLD CELLS BY NEW CELLS (E.G. SKIN CELLS, BLOOD CELLS
)
CELL REPLACEMENT
SOME ORGANISM CAN REGENERATE BODY PARTS
REGENERATION
SOME ORGANISM REPRODUCE THROUGH MITOSIS
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
A PROCESS TO PRODUCE THE GAMETES OR SEX CELLS
MEIOSIS
RESULTS IN UNIQUE, RATHER THAN TWO IDENTICAL, DAUGHTER CELLS
MEIOSIS
GAMETES CARRY A HAPLOID (23) NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES (1N) SO THAT WHEN THEY COMBINE, THE RESULTING CELL HAS A 2N CONFIGURATION.
MEIOSIS
IMPORTANT FOR REPRODUCTION. WITHOUT THIS, THERE WOULD BE NO CHANGE FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION , AND EVOLUTION WOULD NOT OCCUR OR
MEIOSIS
HAPPEN TOO SLOWLY FOR ORGANISMS TO ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
MEIOSIS
REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME FROM DIPLOD (2N) TO HAPLOAD (1N)
MEIOSIS I
THE SAME AS IN MITOSIS, PRODUCING 4 HAPLOID CELLS
MEIOSIS II
RESTING STAGE BETWEEN CELL DIVISIONS
INTERPHASE (2N)
CELLS ARE SYNTHESIZING RNA AND PROTEINS
INTERPHASE (2N)
CHROMATIN IS UNCONDENSED
INTERPHASE (2N)
CHROMOSOMES CONDENSE
PROPHASE
(4N)
CHROMOSOME CROSSING OVER OCCURS AT THIS STAGE
PROPHASE
(4N)
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEAR
METAPHASE (4N)
FORMATION OF SPINDLE FIBER
METAPHASE (4N)
PAIR OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME LINE UP TO THE EQUATORIAL PLATE
METAPHASE (4N)
MEMBER OF EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR SEPARATE, EACH MOVING TO OPPOSITE POLE OF CELL
ANAPHASE
(4N)
CENTROMERES DO NOT SPLIT, PAIRED CHROMOSOMES REMAIN TOGETHER
ANAPHASE
(4N)
SEPARATED HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES ARE RE-ENCLOSED IN A NEW NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
TELOPHASE
(2N)
PRODUCE 2 DAUGHTER CELLS WITH HAPLOID NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES
TELOPHASE
(2N)
CLOSE RESEMBLES THE OCCURRENCE OF MITOSIS
MEIOSIS II
RESULTS IN FOUR HAPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS EACH CONTAINING ONE-HALF THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE ORIGINAL PARENT CELL OR EACH HAS 23 CHROMOSOMES.
MEIOSIS II
SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS
INCREASES THE GENETIC DIVERISTY OF AN ORGANISM PRODUCE SEXUALLY
AS A RESULT, NEW COMBINATION OF TRAITS EMERGE IN A POPULATION
