Module 2: Carbohydrates Obj. 3

Question 1

what molecule stores energy in high energy phosphate bonds ???

Answer 1

???

Question 2

describe anaerobic glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof Pathway)

Answer 2

for non-oxygen dependent catabolism of G-6-P (glucose) into 2 pyruvate and in an anaerobic conditions, conversion of pyruvate into lactate

Question 3

Which step of glycolysis is not reversible in most cells?
What is the enzyme that catalyzes this step?
Which tissue CAN reverse this step?

Answer 3

the formation of glucose-6-phosphate can only be reversed in liver cells
Catalyzed by G-6-P dehydrogenase

Question 4

Define glycogenesis

Answer 4

for storage of glucose in the cell

Question 5

Define glycogenolysis

Answer 5

for release of stored glucose in the cell

Question 6

state the steps where galactose and fructose can enter glycolysis

Answer 6

Fructose: enters pathway where 2-glyceradehyde-3-P is formed from DHAP

Galactose: Enters pathway when glucose-6-P turns into glycogen for storage

Question 7

name the cell type that the Pentose Shunt is important for and why ???

Answer 7

Pentose shunt is a reaction loop off the Embden-Meyerhof pathways
Important for ??? because ???

Question 8

Define gluconeogenesis. What is its main disadvantage?

Answer 8

synthesis of NEW glucose in the cells (from non-carbohydrates)
Disadvantage: energy expensive

Question 9

List 4 non-carbohydrate sources for gluconeogensis

Answer 9

Lactate
Pyruvate
Amino acids
Glycerol