Endocrine disorders

Question 1

Primary hyperthyroidism

Answer 1

Thyroid
Cause: excess thyroid hormone production leading to increased metabolism
Lab findings: low TSH and high T3

Question 2

Graves disease

Answer 2

Thyroid
Cause: auto antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors. Results in excess thyroid hormone production
Lab findings: for hyperthyroidism and thyroid antibodies

Question 3

Secondary Hyperthyroidism

Answer 3

Thyroid
Cause: increased TRH production by hypothalamus/increased TSH by anterior pituitary
Lab findings: Increased TSH, T3, T4

Question 4

Primary Hypothyroidism

Answer 4

thyroid
Cause: removal of all or part of thyroid gland, overdose of antithyroid meds, thyroid Ab (disease of thyroid gland prevents it from producing adequate amounts of thyroid hormone)
Lab findings: High LDL, mild anemia, high serum enzymes
Low T4, High TSH, normal T3

Question 5

Hashimoto’s

Answer 5

Thyroid
Cause: Thyroid autoantibodies that produce fibrosis of the gland (results in hypothyroidism)
Lab findings: Increased TSH, low FT4 and FT3

Question 6

Cushings Disease

Answer 6

Pituitary
Cause: over-secretion of ACTH by a benign pituitary tumor
Tests: high ACTH, glucose for diabetes, prolactin, 24hr urine

Question 7

Acromegaly

Answer 7

Enlargement of all tissues in the body
Pituitary gland
Cause: Over-secretion of growth hormone and growth factor IGF-I
Tests: GH level, thyroid tests, glucose tolerance test

Question 8

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 8

Antidiuretic hormone
Hypothalamus/Post pituitary disorder
Cause: damage to hypothalamus or pituitary gland
Tests: ADH, glucose, 24hr urine

Question 9

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 9

Adrenal gland
Cause: Over secretion of cortisol due to benign adrenal tumor
Tests: increased serum cortisol, 24hr urine

Question 10

Addison’s Disease

Answer 10

Under activity of adrenal gland
Cause: autoimmune destruction of adrenal gland
Tests: cortisol level, acth level

Question 11

Conn’s syndrome

Answer 11

Adrenal gland
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Cause: small tutors in adrenal glands that produce too much aldosterone
Tests: serum aldosterone, hematocrit, potassium/Na level,

Question 12

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 12

parathyroid gland; hypercalcemia
Cause: single benign tumor
Tests: High calcium level, pos, PTH, 24hr urine for calcium

Question 13

Diabetes mellitus Type 1

Answer 13

Pancreatic beta cells cannot produce insulin
Cause: inherited
Tests: Blood glucose, HBa1C