Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2060 Pharmacology > Module 2 Absorption > Flashcards

Module 2 Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A
  • Movement of drug from administration site into blood
  • Speed of drug effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Affecting Factors of Absorption

A
  • Rate of dissolution
  • Surface area
  • Blood flow
  • Lipid solubility
  • pH partitioning
  • Activity of transport proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rate of Dissolution

A
  • Speed of dissolving in solution
  • Determines speed of onset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Surface Area

A
  • Larger area provides faster absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood Flow

A
  • Concentration gradient drives absorption
  • Exercise increases absorption
  • High blood flow = fastest absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lipid Solubility

A
  • Ability to cross cell membrane
  • Faster absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pH Partitioning

A
  • pH gradient between site of administration & ionized in blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transport Protein Activity

A
  • Uptake transporters increase absorption
  • Efflux transporters decrease absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Routes of Administration

A
  • Oral
  • Sublingual
  • Transdermal
  • Rectal
  • Intravenous (V)
  • Subcutaneous (SC)
  • Intramuscular (IM)
  • Pulmonary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

External Route

A
  • GI Tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

External Route Examples

A
  • Oral
  • Rectal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parenteral Route

A
  • Everything EXCEPT GI tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parenteral Route Examples

A
  • Intravenous
  • Intramuscular
  • Subcutaneous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stomach Absorption Factors

A
  • Small surface area
  • Thick mucous layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Small Intestine Absorption Factors

A
  • Large surface area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharmaceutical Phase

A
  • After tablet is swallowed
  • Disintegration of tablet
  • Dissolution of drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gastric Emptying

A
  • Movement from stomach into intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increase Gastric Emptying

A
  • Empty stomach
  • Cold water
  • Lying on right side
  • Tube feeding (high osmolality)
  • Prokinetic drugs (increase motility)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Decrease Gastric Emptying

A
  • High fat
  • Heavy exercise
  • Lying on left side
  • Inhibiting vagus nerve (anticholinergic)
20
Q

Enteric Coating

A
  • Prevent dissolution in acidic conditions (stomach)
  • Dissolves in alkaline duodenum
21
Q

Bioavailability

A
  • Fraction of dose reaching circulation unchanged
22
Q

Affecting Factors of Bioavailability

A
  • Drug formulation
  • Route of administration
  • Degree of metabolism
23
Q

Sublingual Absorption

A
  • Dissolve under tongue
  • Absorbed across oral mucosa
  • Venous drainage to superior vena cava
  • Lipophilic & uncharged drugs only
24
Q

Transdermal Absorption

A
  • Dissolve in extracellular fluid
  • Lipophilic to penetrate epidermis
  • Hydrophilic to dissolve
25
Q

Transdermal Considerations

A
  • Patches, sprays, ointments
  • Constant levels
  • Drug free periods to avoid tolerance
26
Q

Affecting Factors of Transdermal Absorption

A
  • Thickness of skin
  • Hydration
  • Hair follicles
  • Application area
  • Skin barrier integrity
27
Q

Skin Thickness

A
  • Inversely proportional absorption
28
Q

Hydration

A
  • Increased absorption when well hydrated
29
Q

Hair Follicles

A
  • Bypass epidermis barrier
  • More follicles = better absorption
30
Q

Application Area

A
  • Surface area increases absorption
31
Q

Skin Barrier Integrity

A
  • Damaged barrier increases absorption
32
Q

Rectal Absorption

A
  • Situations of vomiting/loss of consciousness
  • Bypass liver
33
Q

Disadvantages of Rectal Absorption

A
  • Incomplete absorption
  • Irritation of rectal mucosa
34
Q

Intravenous (IV) Absorption

A
  • Injection into peripheral vein
  • Bolus or IV drip
35
Q

IV Bolus

A
  • Single dose
  • Short time period
36
Q

IV Drip

A
  • Continuous infusion
  • Long time period
  • Diluted solution
37
Q

Advantages of IV Absorption

A
  • No barriers
  • 100% bioavailability
  • Control of dosage & duration
  • Dilution increases solubility
  • Irritants slowly injected
38
Q

Disadvantages of IV Absorption

A
  • Expensive
  • Invasive
  • No mechanism of removal
  • Infection/fluid overload risk
  • Risk of improper formula
39
Q

Subcutaneous Absorption

A
  • Subcutaneous tissue injection
  • Capillary wall only barrier
40
Q

Affecting Factors of Subcutaneous Absorption

A
  • Blood flow
  • Water solubility
  • Irritant drugs cause adverse effects
41
Q

Intramuscular (IM) Absorption

A
  • Muscle tissue injection
  • Pass fenestrations of capillary wall
42
Q

Advantages of IM Absorption

A
  • Useful for poorly soluble drugs
  • Depot preparations (long time period)
43
Q

Disadvantages of IM Absorption

A
  • Pain/discomfort
  • Tissue/nerve damage
44
Q

Affecting Factors of IM

A
  • Blood flow
  • Exercise (increase flow & absorption)
  • Heart failure/hypotension (decrease flow)
45
Q

Pulmonary Absorption

A
  • Gaseous & volatile drugs
  • Inhaled & absorbed via pulmonary epithelium
  • Rapid absorption (lung surface area)
  • Delivered to site of action (asthma)

2060 Pharmacology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions