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PHAR 100 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervious System (CNS) Stimulants

A

Cocaine
Amphetamines
Nicotine
Caffeine

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2
Q

Opioids

A

Morphine
Heroin
Oxycodone

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3
Q

Other drugs

A

alcohol & cannabis

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4
Q

Produce Novelty

A

LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
Esctasy or MDMA

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5
Q

Reduce anxiety

A

CNS Depressants:
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates

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6
Q

Factors of misuse potential

A

-nature of drug
-route of administration
-amount/frequency of use
-availability
-inherent harmfulness

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7
Q

What drugs DOESNT have withdrawl

A

Hallucinogens (eg. LSD)

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8
Q

Amphetamines drug classes

A

Amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine

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9
Q

Amphetamine Related Compounds

to methamphetamine

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
MDMA (Ecstasy)

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10
Q

MDMA (Ecstasy)

A

Methamphetamine derivative
Feelings of intimacy and empathy, improves intellectual capacities
Neurotoxic (causes neuronal damage & death)

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11
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

A

Treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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12
Q

(1) Amphetamine: CNS Effects

A

decreased sensory input thresehold –> CNs excitation –> overstimulation

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13
Q

(2) Amphetamine: CNS Effects

A

Temperature-regulation & Feeding centre modified → APPETITE SUPPRESSION

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14
Q

Amphetamine feeling

A

euphoria & reward

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15
Q

Amphetamines increase

A

agression & mood swings

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16
Q

Amphetamines therapeutic uses

A

Narcolepsy (chronic sleep disorder)
ADHD

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17
Q

Amphetamine: Short Term disorders

A

Chest pain/heart attack
Cardiovascular collapse
Increased respiratory rate

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18
Q

Amphetamine: Short Term effects

A

euphoria/reward
overstimulation
insomnia
appetite suprresion
increase blood pressure & respiration

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19
Q

Amphetamine: Long Term effects

A

Chronic sleeping problems (insomnia)
Poor appetite
Anxiety, psychoses, aggressive behaviour
Elevated blood pressure and cardiac rhythm

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20
Q

Amphetamine: Concurrent Use

A

Sleeping problems due to chronic amphetamine → CNS depressant
Drowsiness from opioids → CNS stimulant

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21
Q

Amphetamine: Tolerance

A

tolerance to euphoria, appetite loss, and cardiovascualr and respiratory effects

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22
Q

Amphetamine: withdrawl

A

depression, sleep more, big appetite, lack energy

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23
Q

Cocaine: Duration of action & adminsitration

A

> 1hr
sniffed, smoked

24
Q

Cocaine mechanisms of action

A

1) REUPTAKE INHIBITION
2) POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON ACTIVATION

25
Cocaine: action- REUPTAKE INHIBITION
Inhibits active reuptake of primary dopamine & serotonin @ presynaptic neuron
26
Cocaine: action- POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON ACTIVATION
onc of neurotransmitters (dopamine & serotonin) INCREASE @ synaptic cleft → Activation of postsynapic neuron receptors INCREASES
27
Cocaine: Therapeutic Use
Local anesthetic for mouth & throat
28
Cocaine: long term effects
Toxic psychosis (paranoia) Hallucinations (feel like insects are crawling under skin) **Impaired sexual function** **Permanent brain damge** or neuronal function High blood pressure/irregular heart rhythm **Changes to nasal mucosa**
29
Cocaine: Tolerance
tolerance to mood elevating effect
30
cocaine: withdrawl
similar to amphetamines
31
Nicotine: ADME
**Absorption**: Inhale nicotine from cigarette smoke. Also can be absorbed from the GI tract, oral mucosa, and across the skin **Distribution**: Throughout body, rapidly gains access to the brain **Metabolism**: Rapidly metabolzied in the liver **Excretion**: Metabolites excreted in urine *½ life of nicotine in body is around 2 hrs
32
Nicotine: Action
Nicotine stimulates nicotinic receptors @ synapses → increases psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention, & memory
33
Nicotine: therapeutic uses
Smoking cessation programs
34
Nicotine: short-term effects | REGULAR smoked
Mild euphoria Enhanced arousal Increased ability to concentrate Sense of relaxation Small heart rate/blood pressureincrease Supress appetite
35
Nicotine: short-term effects | NON-REGULAR smoker
Dizziness Headaches Nausea Vomiting Abdominal cramps
36
Nicotine: long-term effects
-cardiovascular disease -lung disease -cancer (30%)
37
Nicotine: other effects
Increase cardiovascular disease and cancer risk Increase bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, and SIDS risk
38
nicotine: tolerance
Most smokers keep blood levels at a range of (30-40 nanograms/milliitre) # of cigarettes smoked/day = # needed to keep nicotine at this level
39
nicotine: withdrawal
Symptoms (restlessnes, insomnia, can’t concentrate)
40
caffeine: lethal dose
10g for adults (50 cups of coffee)
41
ADME of Caffiene
**Absorption**: Taken ORALLY, in blood after 30 min, peak after 2 hr **Distribution**: Distributes to all of body & freely crosses into brain & placenta **Metabolism**: Metabolizm of caffeine is based off genetics **Excretion**: ½ life of caffeine varies from 2.5-10 hrs
42
Caffeine: Action
Blocks **adenosine receptors** in brain → neurons released from adenosine inhibition → **DECREASE GABA** activation → **INCREASE domaine** release → Stimulations the CNS
43
Caffiene: Short term effects | on CNS
Mood elevation Reduce fatigue Clearer flow of thought If you dont drink regularly it can cause nervousness and disrupt sleep
44
Caffiene: Short term effects | on cariovascular
Contrictes cerebral blood vessels Increases peripheral blood flow Stimulates cardiac muscle (increase heart rate)
45
Caffiene: Short term effects | on respiration
Stimulates respiratory rate Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
46
Caffiene: Long term effects
Restless Nervous Insomnia Urinary output increases Gastric upset Rabling speech and thought
47
Caffeine + SMOKING
Caffeine duration is **shorted**
48
Caffeine + PREGNANCY
Caffeine **duration** extended **NOT** **teratogenic** (fetal abnormalities) Increase risk of **stillbirth** Decrease fetal growth rate Increase chance of **miscarriage**
49
Does caffien have a high misuse chance
**no** Euphoric experience is mild
50
caffeine: therapeutic use
stimulate breating in preterm newborns
51
What CNS stimulant doesnt produce a **tolernace** over time
nicotine
52
Whihc CNS stimulant is most addictive
Nicotine
53
What CNS stimulants have an **extemely** **high** misuse potential
Amphetmaines & cocaine
54
What CNS stimulant has a very **high** misuse potential
Nicotine
55
Cocaine: short term effects
same as amphetmaines but **shorter duration of action**
56
Amphetamines: Action
blokc vescular monoamine transporters --> increase dopamine/norepinephrine at synaptic cleft --> increase excitation

PHAR 100 (11 decks)

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