Module 2

Question 1

What is job performance?

Answer 1

the value of the set of employee behaviours that contribute, either positively, or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment

Question 2

What is task performance?

Answer 2

the set of explicit obligations that an employee must fulfil to receive compensation and continued employment

Question 3

How do organizations identify the behaviours that underlie task performance?

Answer 3

by conducting a job analysis

Question 4

What is citizenship behaviour?

Answer 4

voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which the work takes place (things you do that are over-and-above your job description)

Question 5

What is organizational commitment?

Answer 5

the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization

Question 6

What is withdrawal behaviour?

Answer 6

a set of actions that the employees perform to avoid the work situation - behaviours that may eventually culminate in quitting the organization

Question 7

How are organizational commitment and withdrawal behaviour connected?

Answer 7

If you have a high organizational commitment, you will have a low withdrawal behaviour and vice-versa, inversely connected

Question 8

What are the three forms of organizational commitment, and how do they differ?

Answer 8

affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment

Question 9

What are the four primary responses to negative events at work?

Answer 9

1. voice: active, constructive - attempt to improve the situation
2. loyalty: passive, constructive - privately hopes for improvement
3. exit: active, destructive - physical withdrawal
4. neglect: passive, destructive - psychological withdrawal

Question 10

What are some examples of psychological withdrawal?

Answer 10

actions that provide a mental escape:
- daydreaming
- looking busy
- cyberloafing
- socializing
- moonlighting

Question 11

What are some examples of physical withdrawal?

Answer 11

actions that provide a physical escape:
- tardiness
- missing meetings
- quitting
- absenteeism
- long breaks

Question 12

How do the different forms of withdrawal relate to each other? (3 views)

Answer 12

1. independent forms model (no correlation)
2. compensatory forms model (negative correlation)
3. progression model (positive correlation)

Question 13

What workplace trends are affecting organizational commitment in today’s organizations?

Answer 13

• changing demographics (diversity)
• changing employee-employer relationships (psychological, transactional and relational contracts)

Question 14

How can organizations foster a sense of commitment among employees?

Question 15

What is affective commitment?

Answer 15

a desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment (emotion-based - want to)

Question 16

What is continuance commitment?

Answer 16

a desire to remain a member of an organization because of the costs associated with leaving it - staying because you need to (cost-based - need to)

Question 17

What is normative commitment?

Answer 17

a desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation (obligation based - ought to)

Question 18

What is the erosion model?

Answer 18

it suggests that employees with fewer bonds in an organization will be more likely to quit it

Question 19

What is the social influence model?

Answer 19

It suggests that employees who have direct. bonds with “leavers” they will be more likely to leave themselves.

Question 20

What is counterproductive work behaviour (CWB)?

Answer 20

not in the job description - intentional act that negatively affects work/the organization

Question 21

What summarizes the statistical relationships between variables?

Answer 21

correlations

Question 22

Research on citizenship behaviour concluded that the quality but not quantity of crew output is higher in crews that included more good citizens - TRUE/FALSE

Answer 22

FALSE - both the quality and quantity improve

Question 23

What is the type of relationship between organizational commitment and withdrawal behaviour?

Answer 23

Inverse/negative

Question 23

All of the following statements accurately describe counterproductive behaviours except:

1. people who engage in one form of counterproductive behaviour are most likely to engage in multiple
2. there is a strong positive correlation between task performance and counterproductive behaviours
3. sometimes the best task performers are the ones who can best get away with counterproductive actions
4. counterproductive behaviour is relevant to any job
5. counterproductive behaviours tend to represent a pattern of behaviour rather than isolated incidents

Answer 23

2. there is a strong positive correlation between task performance and counterproductive behaviours

the correlation is negative (inversely related)

Question 24

If an employee has fewer bonds with co-workers, they are more likely to quit the organization. What is this model called?

Answer 24

the erosion model