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+ AMNE 301 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: away from
  • “abs-“ before elements beginning with T or sometimes C
  • usually “a-“ before consonants (but not always)
  • usually “ab-“ before vowels (but not always)
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2
Q

-able

A
  • adjectival suffix
  • primary meaning: able to
  • subsidiary meaning: capable of
  • sometimes “-ible”
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3
Q

-ac

A
  • adjectival suffix – pertaining to, located in, affected with
  • primary meaning: affected with
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4
Q

-agra

A
  • nominal suffix
  • primary meaning: gouty pain
  • subsidiary meaning: sudden pain
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5
Q

alg- OR -algia

A
  • alg- (root)
  • -algia (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: pain
  • subsidiary meaning: pain in
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6
Q

alges- OR -algesia

A
  • alges- (root)
  • -algesia (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: sensitivity to pain
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7
Q

aneurysm-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: aneurysm
  • notes: from “an-“ + “eury-“ + “-ism”
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8
Q

angi-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: (blood) vessel
  • subsidiary meaning: duct
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9
Q

-ant (2)

A
  • verb-to-adjective adjectival suffix
  • primary meaning: doing [the verbal action]
  • subsidiary meaning: tending [to do the verbal action]; exhibiting [the condition]

OR

  • nominal suffix – agent (doer)
  • primary meaning: one who
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10
Q

ante-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: before
  • subsidiary meaning: forward
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11
Q

anti-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: against
  • subsidiary meaning: opposite; opposed to; preventing; relieving
  • “ant-“ before vowels or H
  • “anti-“ before anything else
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12
Q

aort-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: aorta
  • primary meaning: aorta
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13
Q

aqu-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: water
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14
Q

aque-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: watery
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15
Q

-ar

A
  • adjectival suffix – pertaining to; located in, of
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16
Q

arteri-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: artery
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17
Q

arthr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: joint
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18
Q

-ase

A
  • nominal suffix
  • notes: forms enzyme names
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19
Q

-asia

A
  • abstract nominal suffix – state, condition
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20
Q

-asis

A
  • abstract nominal suffix – state, condition
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21
Q

astr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: star
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22
Q

-ate (2)

A
  • nominal suffix
  • forms chemical names

OR

  • adjectival suffix – shape
  • primary meaning: characterized by
  • subsidiary meaning: having; possessing; resembling
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23
Q

atri-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: atrium
  • subsidiary meaning: chamber, cavity
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24
Q

blast- OR -blast

A
  • blast- (root)
  • -blast (nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: primitive cell
  • subsidiary meaning: immature cell
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25
Q

brady-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: slow
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26
Q

cac-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: defective
  • subsidiary meaning: terrible
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27
Q

capill-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: capillary
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28
Q

capillar-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: capillary
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29
Q

cardi-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: heart
  • subsidiary meaning: cardia
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30
Q

carn-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: flesh
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31
Q

cata-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: downward
  • subsidiary meaning: disordered
  • “cat-“ before vowels or H
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32
Q

-ce

A
  • nominal suffix – state; act of
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33
Q

cephal-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: head
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34
Q

cid- OR -cide

A
  • cid- (root)
  • -cide (nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: kill
  • subsidiary meaning: cut, destroy
  • usually has a prefix
  • adjectival suffix “-cidal”
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35
Q

cirs-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: dilated and twisted vein; varix
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36
Q

cla-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: break
  • subsidiary meaning: break up; destroy
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37
Q

clas- OR -clast OR -clasis

A
  • clas- (root)
  • -clast (nominal suffix) – agent (doer)
  • -clasis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: break
  • subsidiary meaning: break up; destroy
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38
Q

-cle

A
  • nominal suffix – diminutive
  • primary meaning: small
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39
Q

clon-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: spasm [involuntary muscle contraction]
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40
Q

con-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: together with
  • subsidiary meaning: together; thoroughly; very
  • standard form is “con-“
  • “co-“ before H
  • “col-“ before L
  • “com-“ before E, M, or P
  • “cor-“ before R
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41
Q

contra-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: against
  • subsidiary meaning: opposite; opposed to; preventing; relieving
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42
Q

cor-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: heart
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43
Q

cord-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: heart
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44
Q

coron-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: crown
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45
Q

corpor-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: body
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46
Q

cortic-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: cortex
  • primary meaning: outer layer
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47
Q

creat-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: flesh
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48
Q

cresc-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: grow
  • subsidiary meaning: begin to grow
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49
Q

cret-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: grow
  • subsidiary meaning: begin to grow
  • usually has a prefix
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50
Q

crin- OR -crine

A
  • crin- (root)
  • -crine (adjectival suffix)
  • primary meaning: secrete
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51
Q

-culum

A
  • nominal suffix – diminutive
  • primary meaning: small
  • “-culus” for masculine nouns
  • “-cula” for feminine nouns
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52
Q

cutane-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: skin
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53
Q

cyst-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: bladder
  • subsidiary meaning: cyst
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54
Q

cysti- OR -cystis

A
  • cysti- (root)
  • -cystis (nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: bladder
  • subsidiary meaning: cyst
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55
Q

cyt- OR -cyte OR -cytosis

A
  • cyt- (root)
  • -cyte (nominal suffix)
  • -cytosis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: cell
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56
Q

de-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: down from
  • subsidiary meaning: away from; absent
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57
Q

dem-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: people
  • subsidiary meaning: population
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58
Q

dis-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: apart; away
  • “dif-“ before F
  • “di-“ before G, V, or sometimes L
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59
Q

echo-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: reverberating sound; echo
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60
Q

-ellum

A
  • nominal suffix – diminutive
  • primary meaning: small
  • “-ellus” for masculine nouns
  • “-ella” for feminine nouns
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61
Q

en-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: within
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62
Q

encephal-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: brain
  • “en-“ + “cephal-“
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63
Q

endo-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: within
  • sometimes “ento-“
  • “end-“ / “ent-“ + vowel
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64
Q

-esis

A
  • nominal suffix – state; condition; procedure
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65
Q

-etic

A
  • adjectival suffix – from “-esis” noun
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66
Q

eury-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: wide
  • subsidiary meaning: dilate
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67
Q

extra-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: on the outside
  • subsidiary meaning: beyond
  • sometimes “extro-“
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68
Q

fasci-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: fascia
  • primary meaning: fascia
  • subsidiary meaning: membrane supporting muscles
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69
Q

fibr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fibre
  • subsidiary meaning: filament; fibrous tissue
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70
Q

fung-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: mushroom
  • subsidiary meaning: fungus
71
Q

gangli-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: ganglion
72
Q

genit-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: give birth
  • subsidiary meaning: bring forth; genital
73
Q

glandul-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: gland
74
Q

gli-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: glia
  • subsidiary meaning: neuroglia
75
Q

glia-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: glia
  • subsidiary meaning: neuroglia
76
Q

gram- OR -gram

A
  • gram- (root)
  • -gram (nominal suffix) – something written down
  • primary meaning: record
77
Q

graph- OR -graph OR -graphy

A
  • graph- (root)
  • -graph (nominal suffix)
  • -graphy (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: write
  • subsidiary meaning: writing; record [verb]; recording
78
Q

gryp-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: curved
  • subsidiary meaning: hooked
79
Q

gurgit-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: flood
  • subsidiary meaning: flow
80
Q

gurgitat-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: flood
  • subsidiary meaning: flow
81
Q

gutt-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: drop (of liquid)
82
Q

helminth-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: worm
83
Q

hepat-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: hepar
  • primary meaning: liver
84
Q

herpet-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: herpes
  • primary meaning: reptile
  • subsidiary meaning: herpes; creeping skin disease
85
Q

hidr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: sweat
  • sometimes “-idr-“ when not the first element
86
Q

hol-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: while
  • subsidiary meaning: all
87
Q

hom-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: human
  • subsidiary meaning: man
88
Q

homin-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: human
  • subsidiary meaning: man
89
Q

hydr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: water
  • subsidiary meaning: fluid
90
Q

hypn-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: sleep
91
Q

iatr- OR -iatry

A
  • iatr- (root)
  • -iatry (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: healer; physician; treatment
92
Q

-ile

A
  • adjectival suffix – pertaining to; capable of being
  • primary meaning: like
93
Q

immun-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: safe
  • subsidiary meaning: protected; immune
94
Q

in- (2)

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: in; into; very; thoroughly
  • “il-“ + L
  • “im-“ + B, M, or P
  • “ir-“ + R

OR

  • root
  • primary meaning: fibre
  • subsidiary meaning: muscle
95
Q

-in

A
  • nominal suffix – substance
96
Q

-ine (2)

A
  • nominal suffix – substance

OR

  • adjectival suffix – pertaining to; in the category of
97
Q

inos-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fibre; muscle
98
Q

-ism

A
  • nominal suffix – (abstract noun) state; quality; condition; theory
99
Q

-ist

A
  • nominal suffix – person who
  • primary meaning: person expert in
  • often from “-ism”
100
Q

-itic

A
  • adjectival suffix – pertaining to (especially to inflammation from “-itis”)
101
Q

-itis

A
  • nominal suffix
  • primary meaning: inflammation
  • plural: “-itides”
102
Q

kary-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: nucleus
103
Q

kin- OR -kinesis

A
  • kin- (root)
  • -kinesis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: move
  • subsidiary meaning: motion; movement
  • sometimes spelled with C
104
Q

lacer-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: tearing
105
Q

lact-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: milk
106
Q

lacun-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: gap
  • subsidiary meaning: cavity
107
Q

lymph-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: lymph
108
Q

lymphat-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: lymph
109
Q

mamm-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: breast
110
Q

meta-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: beyond
  • subsidiary meaning: transformation; after; behind; charge
  • “met-“ before vowels or H
111
Q

multi-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: many
  • subsidiary meaning: much; affecting many parts
112
Q

my- (2)

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: muscle
  • subsidiary meaning: mouse

OR

  • root
  • primary meaning: shut
  • subsidiary meaning: close
113
Q

myc-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fungus
  • subsidiary meaning: mushroom
114
Q

mycet-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fungus
  • subsidiary meaning: mushroom
115
Q

mys-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: muscle
116
Q

neur-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: nerve
  • subsidiary meaning: nervous system; neuron
117
Q

nom-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: law
118
Q

nos-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: disease
  • subsidiary meaning: illness
119
Q

-ose (2)

A
  • adjectival suffix – containing
  • primary meaning: full of
  • subsidiary meaning: containing; resembling

OR

  • nominal suffix – substance
  • primary meaning: substance
  • subsidiary meaning: sugar
120
Q

-ous

A
  • adjectival suffix – containing
  • primary meaning: full of
  • subsidiary meaning: containing; resembling
121
Q

pan-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: all
  • subsidiary meaning: entire; every
122
Q

per-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: through
  • subsidiary meaning: very; thoroughly
  • “pel-“ before L
123
Q

phleb-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: vein
124
Q

phlog-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: inflammation
125
Q

plex- (2)

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: strike; paralyze

OR

  • primary meaning: plexus
126
Q

-plex

A
  • adjectival suffix
  • primary meaning: -fold
  • notes: in numerical expressions
127
Q

poikil-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: mottled
  • subsidiary meaning: varied
128
Q

por- OR -pore OR -porosis

A
  • por- (root)
  • -pore (nominal suffix)
  • -porosis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: passage
  • subsidiary meaning: opening; duct; pore; cavity
129
Q

prur-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: itch
130
Q

psychr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: cold
131
Q

pyle-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: portal vein
132
Q

rhabd-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: rod
  • subsidiary meaning: rod-shaped; skeletal (when preceding the root “my-“); striated
133
Q

rhythm-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: rhythm
  • subsidiary meaning: heartbeat
134
Q

sarc-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: flesh
  • subsidiary meaning: soft tissue
135
Q

seb-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: sebum
  • primary meaning: sebum
  • subsidiary meaning: oily secretion
136
Q

sep- OR -sepsis

A
  • sep- (root)
  • -sepsis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: be infected
137
Q

sin-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: sinus
138
Q

sinus-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: sinus
  • primary meaning: sinus
139
Q

som- OR -some

A
  • som- (root)
  • -some (nominal suffix) – also “-soma”
  • primary meaning: body
140
Q

somat-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: body
141
Q

sphygm-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: pulse
142
Q

sta-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: stand; stop
143
Q

stat- OR -stat OR -stasis

A
  • stat- (root)
  • -stat (nominal suffix) – agent or instrument
  • -stasis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: stop
  • subsidiary meaning: stand; make stand; control
144
Q

-staxis

A
  • nominal suffix – condition
  • primary meaning: oozing (blood)
  • subsidiary meaning: dripping
  • also “-staxia”
145
Q

stear-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fat
  • subsidiary meaning: sebum; sebaceous glands
146
Q

steat-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fat
  • subsidiary meaning: sebum; sebaceous glands
147
Q

sten- OR -stenosis

A
  • sten- (root)
  • -stenosis (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: narrow
  • subsidiary meaning: constricted; abnormal narrowing
148
Q

sub-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: under
  • “suf-“ before F
  • “sup-“ before P
149
Q

sud-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: sweat; fluid
150
Q

super-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: over
  • subsidiary meaning: above; excessive; beyond normal
151
Q

supra-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: over
  • subsidiary meaning: above; excessive; beyond normal
152
Q

synap-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: synapse
  • sometimes “synaps-“
153
Q

syndesm-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: ligament
154
Q

syring- OR -syrinx

A
  • syring- (root)
  • -syrinx (nominal suffix)
  • stand-alone word: syrinx
  • primary meaning: syringe
  • subsidiary meaning: tube; fistula (abnormal tube / passage in the body); cavity; oviduct; sweat glands
155
Q

tachy-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: rapid
156
Q

tel-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: end
  • subsidiary meaning: completion
157
Q

tele-

A
  • prefix
  • primary meaning: far
  • subsidiary meaning: distant
158
Q

thel-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: nipple
  • combining vowel “-e-“
159
Q

therm-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: heat
  • subsidiary meaning: temperature
160
Q

thromb-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: clot
  • subsidiary meaning: blood clot
161
Q

-tic

A
  • adjectival suffix – pertaining to; located in
162
Q

-tics

A
  • nominal suffix – from adjectives in “-tic”
  • primary meaning: science of
  • subsidiary meaning: study of
163
Q

tom- OR -tome OR -tomy

A
  • tom- (root)
  • -tome (nominal suffix) – agent or instrument
  • -tomy (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: cutting; slice; incision
164
Q

trop- OR -trope OR -tropia

A
  • trop- (root)
  • -trope (nominal suffix)
  • -tropia (abstract nominal suffix)
  • primary meaning: turning
  • subsidiary meaning: preferentially affecting
165
Q

tub-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: tube
166
Q

typh-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: fever
  • subsidiary meaning: typhus; typhoid
167
Q

vag-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: vagus (nerve)
168
Q

varic-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: varix
  • primary meaning: dilated and twisted vein
  • subsidiary meaning: varix
169
Q

vas-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: (blood) vessel
  • subsidiary meaning: vas deferens
170
Q

ven-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: vein
  • subsidiary meaning: poison
171
Q

ventr-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: abdomen
  • subsidiary meaning: belly; abdominal cavity; front
172
Q

vir-

A
  • root
  • stand-alone word: virus
  • primary meaning: virus
173
Q

-yl

A
  • nominal suffix
  • primary meaning: chemical group
  • formed from a specific molecule
174
Q

zo-

A
  • root
  • primary meaning: animal
  • subsidiary meaning: organism

+ AMNE 301 (6 decks)

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