Module 19 Wk 1 Flashcards
(reproductive Surgery – females)
What are the benifits of spayingneutering you dogs and cats?
- medical/health
- behavioural
- population control
What does it mean to spay pre-pubertally?
before 1st oestrus
Why do people spay before 1st oestrus? and why might people not?
It protects against mammary neoplasia and people may not opt for this due to it predisposing problems with development, musculoskeletal system and urinary incont (bitch)
What does post-pubertal spaying mean?
after 1st oestrus
Why might someone choose post-pubertal spaying?
- behavioural reasons
- health reasons - ceaser and pyo
What are the three ligaments in female repro?
- suspensory
- proper
- broad
What blood vessels are involved in the female repro system
L and R ovarian arteries
L and R uterus arteries
Whta is uterus unicorni?
Where there is only one uterine horn but may still have an ovary
What are the steps in oVH?
- incision
- Locate + exterioise
- Clamp + ligate
- Transect
- Check
- closure
What are the medical indications for OVH in dogs?
- uterine = pyo, hydro, Ceaser, torsion, rupture, hyperplasia
- mammary = neoplasia
- vaginal = neoplasia, prolapse
What are behavioural prblems that people OVH for?
- oestrus signs
- pseudopregnanacy
When should you not spay?
- oestrus
- pseudopregnancy
- does not apply to cats
What suture material should you use for your ligatures in a spay?
- abdorbable - monofil or polyfil
What suture material should you use to close muscle/linea alba?
Slowly absorbable monofilament so PDS
What should you use to close subcut?
Absorbable: Monofilament, Polyfilament
What are common patterns to use to suture muscle back up?
- interrupted = simple or cruciate
- cont = simple
What pattern is commonly used to suture up subcut/fat?
- interrupted = simple
- cont = simple or inverting patterns
What suture patterns are commonely used to suture up skin?
- Intradermals
- External sutures
- Interrupted: Simple or Cruciate
- Continuous: Ford interlocking
What are immediate complications of OVH?
- haemorrhage due to ligiture slip or clotting disorder
- trauma to organs
What are delayed complications of OVH?
- Bruising
- infection
- swelling
- wound dehiscence, delayed healing/non-healing
- suture - granulomas
What is ORS?
Ovarian remnant syndrome - ovarian tissue left behind which produces hormones and leads to oeastrus behaviour
How do you diagnose ORS?
hormone assays depending on stage of ‘cycle’
vag cytology
stump pyometra produces what?
progesterone
What is canines pseudocyesis?
Pseudropregnancy, false/phantom preg
(Reproductive Surgery – Males)
What age is pre-pubertal for neutering male dogs and cats?
less than 6months
What can pre-pubertal neutering lead too?
MSK, obesity, immune-med, neoplastic conditions, cognitive dysfunction syndrome
What are some behavioural indications for neutering male cats and dogs?
hypersexuiality, agression, roaming
What are medical reasons to neuter male dogs and cats
- Reduces risk of testicular neoplasia, trauma, orchitis, torsion
- cryptorchidism
- Reduced risk of prostate disease
what type of behaviour can worsen with neutering in male dogs?
Fearfullness
For testicular neoplasia, should you do open or closed castration?
closed
what is the difference between open and closed castration?
In open you insice vag tunic and directly place ligature on spermatic vessels whereas in close you so not incise vag tunic and instead ligature on intact tunuc with vessels internally
What are the steps for catration?
- insicion
- exterioise
- clamp + ligate
- transect
- check
- closure
What are the options for regional ana in castrations?
- insicional block (dog)
- Testicular block (dog/cat)
What is the spematic cord made up of?
- Blood vessels:Testicular artery + vein (pampiniform plexus) and Deferent artery
- Vas deferens.
- Cremaster muscle.
What is cryptorchidism?
Failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum (by 6 months old)
Where are the two places the non-descended testicle could be?
Inguinal
- Either incise over,
- Do OPEN.
- or can retract into abdo (still ‘open’).
Abdominal
- Midline or Paramedian approach.
- Affected testicle = smaller in size.
- Will be OPEN (as has to descend through inguinal ring to get the tunic!).
