module 14 Flashcards
Botany
The study of Plants
perennial plants
plants that grow year after year
Annual plants
plants that live for only one year.
biennial plants
plants that live for two years.
vegetative organs
the parts of a plant (such as stems, roots, and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction.
Reproductive plant organs
the parts of a plant (such as flowers, fruits and seeds) involved in reproduction.
undifferentiated cells
cells that have not specialized in any particular function.
Xylem
nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves.
Phloem
Living vascular tissue that caries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant.
leaf mosaic
the arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plant.
leaf margin
the characteristics of the leaf edge
Deciduous plant
a plant that loses its leaves for winter
Girdling
the process of cutting away a ring of inner and outer bark all the way around a tree trunk.
Alternation of generations
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form and a multicellular haploid form.
Dominant Generation
in alternation of generations, the generation that occupies the largest portion of the life cycle.
pollen
a fine dust that contains the sperm of seed-producing plants.
cotyledon
A “seed leaf” which develops as a part of the seed - it provides nutrients to the developing seedling and eventually becomes the first leaf of the plant.
if a portion of a plant is producing new cells, what type of plant tissue will be in that region.
meristematic tissue will be anywhere that mitosis is going on. the cell that perform mitosis are a part of the meristematic tissue.
what do we call the structures that attach the blade of the leaf to the stem?
The petiole attaches the leaf blade to the stem.
3 different types of leaf mosaics are.
whorled, Alternate, opposite.
in a leaf, what is the function of the following tissues?
a. ) Palisade Mesophyll
b. ) spongy mesophyll
c. ) epidermis
d. ) xylem
e. ) phloem
f. ) chollenchyma
a. ) photosynthesis.
b. ) photosynthesis.
c. ) protection.
d. ) transports water and minerals.
e. ) transports food and organic substances.
f. ) support.
what controls the opening and closing of the stomata on a leaf?
the guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata.
why is the bottom of a leaf typically a lighter shade of green than the top of the leaf.
the spongy mesophyll is typically on the underside of the leaf, and it is usually a lighter shade of green due to the fact that the photosynthesis cells are not as tightly packed there.
name two types of pigments that cause leaves to be a color other than green.
carotenoids and anthocyanins
if a tree has no abscission layer, will id be deciduous? where is the abscission layer?
no a tree without an abscission layer cannot be deciduous.
the abscission layer is right between the stem and the petiole.
name the four regions of a root. which region contains undifferentiated cells?
the four regions of a root are: root cap, the meristematic region, the elongation region, and the maturation region. the undifferentiated cells are in the meristematic region.
what allows woody stems to have no limits to their growth, unlike herbaceous stems?
woody stem have no limit to their growth because the cork cambium can always produce more bark.
what is the function of vascular cambium?
the vascular cambium produces new vascular tissue.
`if a stem has cork cambium is it woody or herbaceous?
it is woody.
what kind of vascular tissue makes up most the wood in a woody stem? what kind of vascular tissue is found in the inner bark of a woody stem?
xylem makes up most of the wood in a woody stem, while phloem are found in the inner bark.
what is the dominant generation in the moss life cycle? is it haploid or diploid?
the dominant generation in mosses is the gametophyte generation, and it is haploid.
a fern has antheridia and archegonia. which part of the fern life cycle is it in? is this the dominant generation?
it is in the gametophyte generation, which is not the dominant generation for ferns.
why are plants from phylum bryophyta relatively small?
since plants from bryophyta have no vascular tissue, there is no efficient way to transport nutrients throughout the plant.
if a 15 foot tall plant has a root system that goes four feet deep, is it a fibrous or taproot system?
the plant must have a fibrous root system.
what are the male and female reproductive system in a tree form phylum coniferophyta?
the female reproductive organ is the seed cone, and the male is the pollen cone.
what is he fundamental difference between monocots and dicots?
the number of cotyledons produced in the seed is the fundamental difference between monocots and dicots.
a plant produces seed cones and pollen cones. is it vascular? to what phylum does it belong?
it is phylum coniferophyta and it is vascular.
a plant produces flowers. to what phylum does it belong?
it belongs in phylum Anthophyta.
