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Biology flashards > module 13 > Flashcards

module 13 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

vertebrae

A

segments of bone or other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone.

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2
Q

notochord

A

a rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creatures body, providing the majority of its support.

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3
Q

endoskeleton

A

a skeleton on the inside of a creatures body, typically composed of bone or cartilage.

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4
Q

bone marrow

A

a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

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5
Q

Axial skeleton

A

the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck and trunk.

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.

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7
Q

closed circulatory system

A

a circulatory system in which the oxygen carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

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8
Q

Ateries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body.

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10
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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11
Q

Olfactory lobes

A

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose.

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12
Q

cerebrum

A

the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creatures response to that information.

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13
Q

optic lobes

A

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes.

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14
Q

cerebellum

A

the lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.

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15
Q

medulla oblongata

A

the lobes that coordinate vital functions, such those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

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16
Q

internal fertilization

A

the process by which the male places sperm inside the females body where the eggs are fertilized.

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17
Q

external fertalization

A

the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

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18
Q

oviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that has hatched outside the females body.

19
Q

Ovoviviparous development

A

development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the mothers body.

20
Q

viviparous development

A

development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

21
Q

anadromous

A

a life cycle in wich creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

22
Q

bile

A

a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat.

23
Q

Atrium

A

a heart chamber that receives blood.

24
Q

Ventricle

A

a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out.

25
Q

ectothermic

A

lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat.

26
Q

Hibernation

A

a state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures.

27
Q

what are the classifications of these animals?

frog….shark…lancelet….carp….sea squirt…lamprey eel.

A 
Frog (class amphibia)
shark (class chondrichthyes)
lancelet (subphylum cephalochordata)
carp (class Osteichthyes)
sea squirt (subphylum urochordata)
Lamprey eel (class Agnatha)
28
Q

what do sea squirts, laprey eels and amphibians have in common?

A

they all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult.

29
Q

what is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

cartilage is more flexible and it is weaker than bone.

30
Q

you see a bloodvessel and you notice that the vessel wall is very thin, what kind of blood vessel might this be?

A

since capillaries have thin walls, it is most likely a capillary.

31
Q

what do red blood-cells do?

A

red blood cells carry oxygen n the blood

32
Q

what protein gives red blood cells their color?

A

hemoglobin gives red blood cells their color.

33
Q

if an animal is uncoordinated and they move their muscles in a jerky manner what lobe is small in this animal.

A

the cerebrum refines muscle movement, so its cerebrum must be small.

34
Q

if an animal has great vision which lobe in the owls brain is bigger in comparison to other vertebrates.

A

since owls have good eyesight, their optic lobes are enlarged.

35
Q

a creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays an egg which hatches. is fertilization internal? or external? what kind of development is this?

A

fertilization is internal, because the female takes the sperm in to form a zygote, which is then encased in the egg. development is oviparous, because the egg hatches externally.

36
Q

which has the most non-flexible skeleton: a rey, a lamprey, or a salmon?

A

the only fish here that has a bony skeletal system is a salmon so the salmons skeleton is less flexible.

37
Q

what do Atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common?

A

Atlantic salmon and many lampreys are anadromous.

38
Q

what is the sharks most sensitive means of finding prey?

A

a sharks most sensitive means of finding prey is its electrical field sensor.

39
Q

what function does the lateral line perform in sharks and bony fish

A

the lateral line senses vibrations in the water.

40
Q

what functions do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? what functions does the anterior dorsal fin play only in bony fish?

A

in both sharks and bony fish the dorsal fins are used for balance in water. in bony fish, the anterior dorsal fin is also a defensive weapon, because it is hard and sharp

41
Q

what is the difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

A

rays have this whip-like tails, while skates have thicker, fleshy tails.

42
Q

what are six common characteristics in amphibians?

A

their endoskeleton is made of mostly bone
their skin is smooth with many capillaries and pigments. Amphibians do not have scales. they usually have four legs with webbed feet. they have four organs for respiration. they have a three chambered heart. they are oviparous with external fertilization.

43
Q

what is the difference between a toad and a frog?

A

frogs have smooth wet skin and live near water. toads have dry warty skin and need not live near water.

44
Q

what is the major respiratory organ for most amphibians?

A

the skin.

Biology flashards (8 decks)

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