module 14

Question 1

Coevolutionary arms race

Answer 1

a struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, traits, or species, that develop adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling an arms race. These are often described as examples of positive feedback.

Question 2

antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis

Answer 2

when one gene controls for more than one trait, where at least one of these traits is beneficial to the organism’s fitness and at least one is detrimental to the organism’s fitness. The theme of G.C.

Question 3

mutation accumulation hypothesis

Answer 3

theory is based on Medawar’s Hypothesis, which suggests that the evolutionary effect of adverse events declines following the age at which an organism is initially capable of reproduction

Question 4

disposable soma hypothesis

Answer 4

The theory states that this compromise causes the body to reallocate energy to the repair function that causes the body to gradually deteriorate with age. A caveat to this theory suggests that this reallocation of energy is based on time instead of limiting resources.

Question 5

extrinsic mortality

Answer 5

is assumed to be a result of environmental hazards and be constant over age.

Question 6

death by aging

Answer 6

Death by aging can remove individuals from the population that have acquired lots of heritable mutations and liberate precious resources for younger

Question 7

more fecund individuals with relatively few heritable mutations

Answer 7

BI

Question 8

Mutations that confer benefits early in life but problematic later in life are masked from negative selection

Answer 8

BI

Question 9

Natural selection lacks foresight; Unpleasant defenses like inflammation are in many cases beneficial adaptations;

Answer 9

BI

Question 10

Technological and cultural advancements can outpace the physiological and behavioral adaptations

Answer 10

BI