Module 14/15 - Digetsive System Flashcards
What organs are in the RUQ?
liver, right lobe, gallbladder, bile duct, transverse colon, ascending colon
What organs are in the LUQ?
left lobe, stomach, spleen, duodenum, pancreas, pancreatic duct, descending colon
What organs are in the RLQ?
cecum, vermiform, appendix
What organs are in the LLQ?
small intestine, rectum, anus
The kidneys have what type of peritoneum?
primary retroperitoneal
What is an example of a secondary retroperitoneal organ?
duodenum
What structures can deal with defense against pathogens and stress in the digestive tract?
peyers patches and GI tract
What epithelium lines the esophagus? Is it intraperitoneal or retro?
stratified squamous; retro
T/F: the esophagus is innervated only the somatic divison
False; the superior portion is innervated by the somatic and the inferior third is autonomic by the celiac plexus
The superior esophageal sphincter is an elaboration of what tissue? What happens when it relaxes and contracts? It also helps with what?
smooth muscle; relaxes = opens lumen and contracts = closes lumen; helps with reflux/backflow into esophagus
What is a hiatal hernia?
when the stomach travels into the thoracic cavity
What absorption does the stomach allow?
limited; it allows for water, electrolytes, and drugs (aspirin, alcohol) to be absorbed
The oblique layer of the stomach helps with what?
homologous mixture of chyme
What is located in the gastric glands and secretes pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin?
Chief cells
What is located in the gastric glands and secretes both hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
What is located in the gastric pit and secretes thin, acidic mucus that surrounds the bolous of food in the stomach?
Mucous neck cells
What is located in the gastric glands and secretes gastrin into the interstitial fluid deep to the epithelial cells?
Enteroendocrine cells
What lines the lumen of the stomach and secretes a protective coat of alkaline mucus to protect the epithelium against the acidic substances in the stomach?
Surface mucous cells
What are gastric ulcers?
open sores that develop on lining of stomach, acid can erode into stomach lining
What is the longest part of the alimentary canal?
the small intestine
Where does the most nutrient absorption occur?
small intestine
What are the three specific segments of the small intestine?
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum
What does the duodenum do?
receives substances form the pancreas and gallbladder that aid in digestion
What is the duodenal papilla?
where bile and pancreatic secretions enter the duodenm
What is the largest gland in the body? How many lobes does it have?
the liver; 4
The gallbladder is attached to the _______ surface of the ______ lobe of the liver
inferior; right
What are the functions of bile?
-digestion of lipids
-transports cholesterol out of the body
-emulsifies (breaks up fat droplets)
T/F: the pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
true
Which is the last segment of the small intestine?
the ileum, it transfers content into the large intestine
What does the ileocecal valve do?
it is a sphincter that controls the entry of materials into the large intestine
Where do mass peristaltic movements occur?
in the large intestine
What do the rectal valves do?
they are three transverse folds that ensure fecal matter is retained when passing gas (prevent sharting)
The external sphincter must relax to allow defacation. This is a _______ impulse
somatic; voluntary
What is the epithelium in the large intestine?
simple columnar to stratified squamous near the level of the pectinate line in the anal canal
