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Molecular Immunology > Module 14 > Flashcards

Module 14 Flashcards

1
Q

autologous graft

A

a graft transplanted from one individual to the same individual

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2
Q

syngenic graft

A

a graft transplanted between two genetically identical individuals

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3
Q

allogenic graft

A

a graft between two genetically different indivduals of the same species

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4
Q

xenogenic graft

A

a graft between two indivduals of different species

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5
Q

alloantigens

A

the molecules recognized as foreign by the cells of the immune system that are found on a graft

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6
Q

alloreactive lymphocytes

A

the components of the immune system that respond to alloantigens

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7
Q

first set rejection

A

occurs 7-14 days after the first transplant by rhe conor to recipent

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8
Q

second set rejection

A

rejection that occurs more rapidly after the secound transplant from the same donor and recipient idnicating a memory response for the grafted tissue this response can be produced by transferring lymphocytes from sensitized host to naive host

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9
Q

what type of immunity causes rejection of the graft

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

what mediates the recognition of alloantigens

A

polymorphic histocompatibility genes

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11
Q

what is responsible for almost all rejections

A

MHC molecules

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12
Q

what mhc class is presnted on

A

mhc class 2

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13
Q

naive t cells in lymph nodes are activated by alloantigens proliferate and become effector t cells

A

sensitization phase

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14
Q

what type of t cell migrates to translpanted organ and begins the rejection process

A

effector t cells

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15
Q

co stimulation of t cells that recognize alloantigens is mediated by what

A

B7 on apcs

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16
Q

hyperacute rejection is mediated by

A

alloantibodies

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17
Q

chronic rejection is similar to what

A

DTH

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18
Q

characterized by blockage of the blood vessels entering the graft that begins within minutes or hours of transplant

A

hyperacute reaction

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19
Q

pre existing alloantibogies bind to endothelial cells and activate what

A

complement

20
Q

having the same what minimizes the production of IgM

A

ABO blood type

21
Q

hyperacute rejection results from what

A

preformed IgG alloantibodies aganist donor mhc molecules

22
Q

accelerated allograft rejection

A

if alloantibosied are in low numbers rejection occurs slowly over several days

23
Q

depletion of antibodies adn lymphocytes can

A

help abo incompatible individuals

24
Q

acute rejection results in

A

injury to the graft and associated blood vessels due to alloreactive t cells and alloantibodies

25
Q

acute rejection can tak

A

several days to years

26
Q

mechanisms of acute rejection

A

ctl mediated killing of graft cells and direct injury by binding of alloantibosies

27
Q

principle mechanism of ctl mediated killing of graft cells

A

acute cellular rejection

28
Q

what is the characteristics of acute cellular rejection

A

infitrates of cd8 ctls specific to graft alloantigens

29
Q

activated cd4 t cells adn ctls do what

A

produce cytokines that recruit inflammatory cells to graft

30
Q

what happens if alloantibodies bind to hla molecules on vascular endothelial cells

A

injury and thrombosis that injures the graft

31
Q

what is the result of alloantibodies binding to hla molecules

A

complement activationand the recruitment of neutrophils and platelets

32
Q

transmural necrosis of the graft vessel walls

A

histological hallmark of alloantibody medaited accute rejection

33
Q

marker of hyperacute rejection

A

occlusions

34
Q

marker of rejection in antibody mediated rejection

A

identification of c4d fragmetns in capillaries of renal allograft

35
Q

most failure of graft transplantation results from

A

chronic rejection

36
Q

arterial occulsions is a dominat feature of

A

chronic rejection

37
Q

what causes arterial occlusions

A

proliferation of smooth muscle cells that results in ischemic damage

38
Q

accelerated gradt arteriosclerosis/ graft vasculopathy

A

arterial changes

39
Q

arterial changes are seen in

A

failed cardiac or renal graftes and can develop after 6-12

40
Q

what are the main agents to prevent or treat graft rejection

A

immunosupressive drugs that kill orinhibit t cell activation

41
Q

inhibitors of t cell signalling pathways

A

cyclosporine and FK506

42
Q

what blocks activation of NFAT and IL-2

A

cyclosporine and fk506

43
Q

mTORC1

A

rampamycin inhibits

44
Q

mycophenolate mofetil

A

kills proliferating t cells

45
Q

CTLA-4 to IgG Fc receptors bind B7 and

A

block interactions with t cells

46
Q

the activation of t cells during indirect alloantigen responses requires that apcs be activated and express co stimulatory molecules t or f

A

t

47
Q
A

Molecular Immunology (6 decks)

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