autoimmunity

Question 1

what is the most prevelent immune cpmplex disease

Answer 1

SLE

Question 2

autoantibodies to what are produced in SLE

Answer 2

nucleic acids

Question 3

what is low in sle patients

Answer 3

C3 and C4

Question 4

why are c3 and c4 low in sle patients

Answer 4

immune complexes bind them and serum IgG is elevated beccause of the expanded b cell pop

Question 5

how do t cells injure tissue

Answer 5

by triggering DTH reactions or by directly killing target cells

Question 6

what causes DTH responses

Answer 6

CD4 TH1 cells and CD8 t cells

Question 7

killing of cells can occur through

Answer 7

cd8 ctls recognition of peptide/class 1 MHC complexes

Question 8

DTH reactions

Answer 8

injury results from products of activated macrophages such as lysosmal enzymes, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and inflammatory cyokines

Question 9

chronic DTH leads to

Answer 9

fibrosis as a result of cytokines produced by macrophages

Question 10

organ specific autoimmune diseases are caused by

Answer 10

DTH reactions produced by autoreactive T cells

Question 11

type 1 diabetes results from

Answer 11

destruction of insulin producing b cells in the islets of langerhns in the pancreas

Question 12

what is the most common neurological disease in young adults

Answer 12

MS

Question 13

produce autoreactive t cells that form inflammatory lesions along the myelin sheath of nerve fibers

Answer 13

MS patients

Question 14

the csf of ms patients

Answer 14

contains activated t cells that infiltrate the brain

Question 15

autoimmunity results from

Answer 15

a failure or breakdwon of the mechanisms responsible for maintaing self tollerance of be and t cellsn

Question 16

epitope spreading

Answer 16

self antigen that injure tissues may reslut in the release or alteration of other antigens and activation of lymphocytes specific for those antigens worsening the diesase

Question 17

most autoimmune diseases are

Answer 17

polygenic

Question 18

class 1 hlA B27

Answer 18

ANKLOSING SPONDYLTITS

Question 19

PTPN22

Answer 19

a gain of function variant of a protein phosphatase that results in weak T and B cell receptor signaling and could cause defects in peripheral tolerance

Question 20

CD25 IL2RA

Answer 20

polymorphisms affecting the expression of cd25 are associated with ms

Question 21

il-23r

Answer 21

defects could affect th17 responses to micrboes causing intestinal or cutaneous inflammation

Question 22

mechanism of central tolerance

Answer 22

AIRE

Question 23

generation of regulatory t cells

Answer 23

FOXP3 IL-2

Question 24

polymorphisms in the inhibitory FcyRIIB are associated with

Answer 24

SLE

Question 25

deficiency in genes encoding complement proteins are associated with

Answer 25

lupus like diseases

Question 26

aire

Answer 26

destruction of endocrine organs by antibodies lymphocytes

Question 27

oral tollerance

Answer 27

systemic adaptive immune tolerance to antigens that are ingested and may be a way of treating autoimmune diseases

Question 28

il-10 function

Answer 28

il 10 inhibits the production of IL-12 by activating dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 29

what is least likely to be involved in lymphocyte homeostasis

Answer 29

CD28

Question 30

CD28 binds to what

Answer 30

B7

Question 31

high doses of antigens favor

Answer 31

thymic deletion

Question 32

infections can promote the development of autoimmunity by what mechanism

Answer 32

molecular micmcry

Question 33

what is immunological tolerance

Answer 33

unresponsiveness of the immune system to an antigen which is induced by previous exposure to that antigen

Question 34

what is a mechanism for central tolerance of b cells and not t cells

Answer 34

receptor editing

Question 35

a genetic deficienvy in the ability to produce what molecules results in autoimmunity

Answer 35

IL-2