Module 12 - GU Flashcards
Urine output for infants/toddlers, school aged, adolescents
- infants & toddlers – 2-3mL/Kg/hr
- School age: 1-2mL/kg/hr
- Adolescents: 0.5-1mL/kg/hr
What is Phimosis?
Associated problems?
Important teaching?
Inability to retract (narrowing) foreskin over glands
- Urine flow affected, risk for infection
- never force foreskin to retract
what is HYPO/EPISPADIAS? problems associated?
Urinary meatus is not at end of penis
- unable to direct stream of urine, problems w/ fertility down the line, increased chance of chordee (downward curvature of penis)
what is Hydrocele?
signs?
Incomplete building of abdominal wall; section from testes to abdomen contents left open allowing peritoneal fluid to go down into the scrotum
- painless swelling of one side of scrotum
- decreases w/ lying, increases with crying
(diagnosis= transillumination)
what is Cryptorchidism?
why is early detection important?
• Undescended testicles; more common with right testis
- abd too warm = affect development of testes, sterility later
what is an Inguinal Hernia? how is it detected?
Protrusion of bowel into the inguinal canal – thinning in abdomen wall; if theres excessive pressure such as from coughing, or lifting something up, the already thin wall will start to leak
- will see lump on one side of groin
why is an acute UTI more common in neonates?
Because of Phimosis (Inability to retract foreskin over glands)
Signs of a UTI in infants who can’t communicate?
What is the only way to get a sterile urine sample?
vomiting, temperature, foul smell of odour, color of urine
- in and out catheter
what is the o Biggest problem for an infant under 3 months with UTI ?
they’re immunocompromised -immune system very weak.
Doesn’t take much for this bacteria to grow out of control in urine and eventually cause sepsis
Interventions to prevent UTI
- Cleanse perineum with each diaper change
- Wipe perineum front to back
- Avoid bubble baths – changes pH, can make more susceptible to vaginitis
- Have child urinate immediately after a bath – anything that may have worked its way up can be excreted
- Use cotton underwear – don’t want to create a moist environment for bacteria to grow
- Use loose-fitting pants
- Offer adequate fluid intake
Nephrotic syndrome – umbrella term covers several types of kidney conditions, unsure cause. What are the S+S?
- edema
• Weight gain
• Pale , irritable, poor appetite
• BP usually normal
• Shifts with the position of child during sleep
• Urine exam reveals massive albumin - high protein levels in urine
• Prone to infection
nursing care for nephrotic syndrome
- Supportive care to parents and child
- Parent to keep daily record of the child’s weight, urinary protein levels, and medications
- No vaccinations or immunizations should be administered while the disease is active or during immunosuppressive therapy
- Positioning
- Strict monitoring of I&O
- Daily weight and protection from infection
What is Wilms’ Tumor?
S+S?
tumour affecting kidneys
- Few or no symptoms during the early stages of growth
• Abdominal mass usually found by parent or during routine health checkup
The most common symptoms
1. abdominal pain.
2. hematuria. – if cancer starts to cause vascular distruction
3. hypertension.
4. abdominal mass.
If Wilms’ tumor suspected, what is an important nursing intervention?
Until the tumor has been surgically removed, abdominal palpation must not be performed (incase of rupture)
– Sign above bed + notation on chart clearly state “No Abdominal Palpation”
Testicular torsion is considered emergency situation. S+S?
Severe testicular pain, redness, swelling, unilateral, lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting
