Module 10 - Blood and lymph disorders

Question 1

What is leukemia

Answer 1

a malignant disease of the blood-forming organs of the body that results in an uncontrolled growth of immature WBCs

Question 2

There are 2 types of leukemia: • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Which one is most popular in younger ages

Answer 2

ALL

Question 3

what are the most common signs and symptoms of Leukemia?

symptoms may gradually develop into…

Answer 3

low-grade fever, pallor, bruising tendency, leg and joint pain, abdominal pain, petechia, and enlargement of lymph nodes.
- Enlarged liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin turns yellow

Question 4

what is hemophilia

Answer 4

•A congenital bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally (x-linked recessive). Effects men more
(congenital deficiency of specific coagulation proteins)

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of Hemophilia (A)

Answer 5

• prolonged bleeding
• hemorrhage
• excessive bruising
• subcutaneous and IM hemorrhages
• bleeding into the joints
• hematomas
• spontaneous hematuria
• mennorhagia

Question 6

Tx for hemophilia

Answer 6

• Provide recombinant anti-hemophilic factor
•Prevent injury
oStrengthen muscles and joints through appropriate exercises
o Monitor children at safe play (don’t stop them from developing motor skills entirely)
o Games such as contact sport should be avoided (hockey, football)
o Use protective padding
o Normalize routine for developmental purposes

Question 7

causes of Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 7

•Decreased supply of iron in diet
•Impaired absorption of iron
- excessive growth requirements
• severe hemorrhage

Question 8

signs and symptoms of Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 8

Pallor, irritability, anorexia, and a decrease in activity

Question 9

Treatment for Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 9

• increasing supplemental iron.
• Vitamin C aids in absorption of iron; therefore providing juice when giving is suggested
(don’t ingest with milk or milk products – interferes with absorption)

Question 10

causes of Sickle cell anemia

Answer 10

Inherited from both parents
• Patho-blood shows that RBC has changed its shape to resemble that of a sickle blade
• Deoxygenated RBCs
• Sickling (clumping) caused by decreased blood oxygen levels may be triggered by dehydration, infection, physical or emotional stress, or exposure to cold

Question 11

signs/symptoms of Sickle cell anemia

Answer 11

signs dont appear until last part of first year
- shape of cells
• Unusual swelling of the fingers and toes
• Chronic anemia
• Hgb levels range from 6-9 g/dL or lower
• Child is pale, tires easily, and has little appetite
• Some cases, sickle cell crisis is the first obvious manifestation of the condition
• Children with sickle cell disease have a risk for stroke as a complication of a vasoocclusive sickle cell crisis.

Question 12

Nursing care of Sickle cell anemia

Answer 12

• Supportive
• Hydration
• Analgesic
• Bed rest
• Packed cells administered
• Administration of ordered antibiotics (depending on spleen function – spleen plays an important role in immune system)
• Avoid use of cold or hot compresses

Question 13

2 major goals when caring for a child with sickle cell disease:

Answer 13

1) Control pain.

2) Prevent dehydration, hypoxia, and infection

Question 14

Four major factors that might trigger a sickle cell crisis:

Answer 14

1) Dehydration
2) Infection
3) Physical or emotional stress
4) Exposure to cold