Module 1.2

Question 1

The concept of homeostasis was explained by __________ in 1865.

Answer 1

Claude Bernard

Question 2

is defined as a self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

Greek,
homeo =
stasis =

Answer 3

same,
staying

Question 4

The word homeostasis was coined by __________ in 1926.

Answer 4

Walter Bradford Cannon

Question 5

General themes for metabolism (4)

Answer 5

1. Organisms or cells maintain specific internal concentrations of inorganize ions, metabolites and enzymes. Cell membranes provide the physical barrier that segregates cell components from the environment
2. Organism extract energy from external sources for each reactions.
3. Metabolic pathways in each organism are specified by genes it contains in its genome and are highly regulated.
4. Organisms and cells interact with the environment.
5. Organisms and molecules are not
   static assemblies of molecules

Question 6

is the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output.

Answer 6

feedback

Question 7

organism maintains homeostasis through a large number of ____________ and ___________ ________ mechanisms

Answer 7

negative and positive mechanisms

Question 8

occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system. It consists of reducing the production or activity of any organ or system back to its normal range of functioning.

Answer 8

Negative feedback

Question 9

is the sensing component that checks
and responds to changes in the environment.

Answer 9

receptor

Question 10

When the receptor senses a stimulus, it sends information to a _____ who determines an appropriate response to the stimulus.

Answer 10

control center

Question 11

loop occurs when the output of a system acts to enhance the changes to the input of the system.

Answer 11

Positive Feedback

Question 12

In most plants, this process is driven by______ – acting as a positive feedback mechanism to hold the stoma open

Answer 12

sunlight

Question 13

the ___________ is a positive feedback mechanism involving oxytocin

Answer 13

ferguson reflex