Module 1.1

Question 1

Living organisms obey chemical and physical laws. (3)

Answer 1

1. Cells are based mainly on carbon compounds.
2. life depends largely on chemical reactions in aqueous solution of which organisms are composed of about 70% water.
3. Cells have a complex chemistry

Question 2

Medical chemistry

Answer 2

Jan Baptist van Helmont (1577–1644)

Question 3

Chemical composition of some plant and animal materials as well as various drugs

Answer 3

Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786)

Question 4

Characterize the chemical composition of air, studied the process of oxidation and the nature of animal,

is often considered as father of modern biochemistry

Answer 4

Antoine Lavoisier
(1743–1794)

Question 5

German biochemist who did extensive work characterizing carbohydrates, amino acids and fats, establishing some of their composition

Answer 5

Hermann Emil Fisher
(1852–1919)

Question 6

Discovered nucleic acids

Answer 6

Friedrich Miescher (1844–1895)

Question 7

Discovered liver glycogen and showed its relation to blood sugar in health and disease as well as evaluated the digestive properties of pancreatic juice.

Answer 7

Claude Bernard (1813–1878)

Question 8

Development of the concept of pH

Answer 8

Soren Sörensen 1868–1939

Question 9

Development of ultracentrifuge

Answer 9

Theodore Svedberg (LT, 1884-1971

Question 10

Electrophoresis apparatus and chromatography.

Answer 10

Arne W.K. Tiselius 1902 - 1971

Question 11

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up ______ of the total weight of living cells which in addition with phosphorus and sulfur make up more than ______

Answer 11

96.3%
99%

Question 12

Constituents of the Human Body (10)

Answer 12

H - 60%
O - 22.5%
C - 10.5%
N - 2.4%
Ca - 0.22%
P - 0.13%
S - 0.13%
K - 0.03%
Na - 0.03%
Mg - 0.03%

Question 13

Type of chemical bonds (5)

Answer 13

1. Ionic
2. Covalent
3. Hydrogen
4. Metallic
5. Van der Waals forces

Question 14

metal atom loses electron to nonmetal

Answer 14

ionic bond

Question 15

two nonmetal atoms share electron

Answer 15

covalent bond

Question 16

hydrogen attracts an electronegative aton electrostatically

Answer 16

hydrogen bond

Question 17

positive metal ions attract conducting electron

Answer 17

metallic bond

Question 18

6 elements -> 4 subunits -> 4 macromolecule

Answer 18

H, O, N, C, P, S ->
*nucleotides -> nucleic acids
* amino acids -> lipids
*simple sugars -> polysaccharides
*acetyl CoA -> lipids