Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Slash-and-burn

A

An agricultural technique that involves the cutting and burning of plants on a forests or woodlands to create fields

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2
Q

Habitat fragmentation

A

Dividing large ecosystems into smaller, more isolated areas

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3
Q

Biological extinction

A

Occurs when a species is no longer found in any ecosystem on earth

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4
Q

Endangered species

A

Describes organisms whose population size has decreased to such a low level that they are at an extremen risk of becoming extinct

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5
Q

Threatened species

A

Describes organisms that could potentialllu become endangered in the future

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6
Q

U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973

A

Identifies and provides protection for organisms that are at risk for extinction

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7
Q

Convention of international trade in Endangered Species

A

Places bans on selling, hunting, or capturing threatened or endangered species

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8
Q

Bycatch

A

One result of overfishing practices

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9
Q

Long line fishing

A

Up to 80 miles of fishing line is strung out in the water with thousands of baited hooks then hauled in to catch swordfish, tuna, and shark.

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10
Q

Pure seine fishing

A

A net is used to surround a large school of fish then closed at the surface like a purse to haul in fish

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11
Q

Drift net fishing

A

A net is set to hang in the water from the surface to as far as 50 feet below the surface to catch fish

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12
Q

Trawler fishing

A

Large metal chain baskets, holding nets, are dragged across the ocean floor scouring the bottom for shrimp, scallops, and flounder

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13
Q

Whaling

A

Harvesting whales

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14
Q

Marine mammal protection act of 1972

A

Prohibits any United States citizen from harassing, hunting, or killing any marine animals.

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15
Q

Cultural eutrophication

A

An increase in water fertility due to anthropogenic inputs of nutrients

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16
Q

National wild & Scenic Rivers Act of 1968

A

Protects wild and scenic rivers from damming, widening, dredging, or filling

17
Q

Old growth forest

A

A forest that has not been modified by human activities or natural disasters in 200 years or more

18
Q

Secondary growth forest

A

A forest that forms from secondary succession

19
Q

Tree plantations

20
Q

Deforestation

A

Removes large tracts of forested land for fuel wood, agriculture, or urban development.

21
Q

Clear cutting

A

A type of logging practice that removes all trees in one area at one time

22
Q

Selective cutting

A

A type of logging practice that removes mature or intermediate-age trees selectively from forested areas that have an uneven age tree community

23
Q

Strip cutting

A

A type of logging practice that involves removing an entire crop of trees along the contour of the land, in a narrow corridor, allowing for natural regeneration of the trees

24
Q

Crown fire

A

A difficult to control forest fires

25
Healthy forest act
This act allows for timber companies to remove medium-size commercially valuable trees to thin forest at risk for fires
26
Rangelands
Wide-open, non-restricted areas for grazing by grass-eating and shrub-eating livestock.
27
Pastures
Fenced areas that are maintained by ranchers through planting of domesticated grasses or shrubs
28
Overgrazing
Occurs when the number of livestock animals exceeds the carrying capacity for that rangeland, thereby depleting the grass cover
29
Rotational grazing
A sustainable grazing method