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MEDL 330 > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do abnormalities in CSF occur?

A

Diseases of the meninges or CNS.

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2
Q

How is CSF drawn and how can it be used?

A

Lumbar puncture

Diagnosis

Documentation of impaired CSF flow or to lower pressure

Introduction of anaesthetics, drugs, radiograph if contrast media

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3
Q

What are the tubes of CSF that are collected?

A

Chem- protein and glucose

Micro

Hema- cell count

Cytology

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4
Q

What tests are done on CSF?

A

Volume and appearance

Cell count

Protein

Glucose

Culture and CSF analysis

Cytology

Virology

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5
Q

When are myelogram CSFs drawn and what tests are done?

A

When a myelogram is being performed.

Volume

Appearance

Cell count

Protein

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6
Q

What is amniotic fluid and what’s it used to test?

A

Surrounds the fetus.

Detects potential problems prior to birth.

Cytogenetic studies (genetic disease detection)

Detection of fetal jeopardy

Determination of fetal maturity

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7
Q

When is amniocentesis performed?

A

From 12th-42nd week of gestation.

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8
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Bathes and protects the brain and spinal cord.

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9
Q

Why does excess synovial fluid occur?

A

Results from disease states.

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10
Q

What tests are performed on synovial fluid?

A

Chem- protein, glucose, crystals, heparin

Hema- cell counts, EDTA

Micro- gram stain, culture

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of pleural fluid?

A

20-50mL between the lungs and thoracic wall.

Cancer, Tb, pulmonary infections can cause increases.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of pericardial fluid?

A

10-50mL surrounding the heart.

Inflammation and rupture of the pericardium can cause excess.

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of peritoneal fluid?

A

Surrounds abdominal organs.

Effusions- abnormal accumulations, removed by paracentesis.

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14
Q

What tubes are fluid for body cavity secretions placed in?

A

Heparin tubes.

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15
Q

What tests are done on body cavity fluids?

A

Chem- protein, glucose, amylase, LDH, 3mL

Hema- cell counts, 1mL

Micro- gram stain, cultures, AFB, 3mL in sterile tube

Cytology- 2-20mL in plain tube

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16
Q

What is added to body fluid cytology tubes if there is a delay in testing?

A

Equal amounts of 70% isopropyl alcohol.

17
Q

Why is semen examined?

A

Determine sperm count in fertility investigations.

Confirm sperm absence in post vasectomy patients.

18
Q

What do stool specimens aid in the diagnosis of?

A

Infectious bacterial agents

Intestinal parasites

Viral infections

Digestive disorders

Colorectal cancer

19
Q

How are stool culture and sensitivity tests collected for?

A

Collect multiple samples 2-3 days apart.

20
Q

What is the ova and parasite procedure used for and how is it done?

A

ID of intestinal parasites.

Examine macroscopically for worms.

Examine microscopically for ova.

21
Q

How are pinworm infections diagnosed?

A

Recovery of ova from perianal region using scotch tape or collocation kit.

Examine microscopically.

22
Q

What is the purpose of fecal fat 72hr collection?

A

Assesses the degree of malabsorption by determining how much fat is excreted in stool.

23
Q

How is 72hr fecal fat performed?

A

100g fat/day diet for 3 days prior and during.

All stools within 72hrs are collected (first is discarded, starts time).

Cans are filled no more than half full and mixed.

24
Q

What should be avoided during fecal fat collection?

A

Barium meals, enemas or other laxatives.

25
Q

What is the purpose of occult blood testing?

A

Detects small amounts of blood in stool to detect early stage colorectal cancer.

26
Q

What is more commonly done in place of occult blood testing?

A

Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)

27
Q

What are micro specimens for C and S? How are they handled?

A

Swabs of infected area from a variety of body locations.

Placed in transport medium and transported to lab.

Time stamp req.

Confirm ID and specimen.

If no body site indicated, call unit.

Make gram stain and inoculate media.

28
Q

How are virology specimens confirmed?

A

Isolated and IDed by culture and molecular techniques.

Serology- rise in AB titer or presence of AB.

29
Q

How are viral specimens collected?

A

Chilled (4°C) and transferred to the lab ASAP.

Accompanied by a brief clinical summary.

30
Q

What are examples of viral collections?

A

Throat swab

Stool

CSF

Tissue

Urine

Vesicle fluids

Skin scrapings

31
Q

How are serology specimens collected?

A

Plain red top tubes.

Acute- after disease onset

Convalescent- 2-3wks after onset

Rising AB titer- collect both acute and convalescent and compare

AB presence- one sample only

32
Q

What are types of cytology samples?

A

Urine

Sputum

33
Q

What is done if there’s a delay in cytology testing?

A

Add an equal volume of 50% alcohol to preserve cells.

34
Q

What is sputum used for?

A

Investigation of lung disorders.

Cytological studies- presence of abnormal cells

Micro studies- routine C and S or for Tb investigation

MEDL 330 (13 decks)

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