Module 10: Personality Tests Flashcards
What are the different personality tests?
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)
- Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- Edward’s Preference Personality Schedule (EPPS)
- Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS)
- NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)
- Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao/Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino
- Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
- Big Five Inventory-II (BFI-2)
- California Psychological Inventory (CPI-434)
- Strong Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII)
- Thurstone Interest Schedule (TIS)
- Basic Personality Inventory (BPI)
Who developed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) test?
Starke Hathaway and J. Charnley McKinley
What is the age span of the individuals who can take the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) test?
16 years old and older
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)
+ Multiphasic personality inventory intended for used with both clinical and normal populations to identify sources of maladjustment and personal strengths
+ Help in diagnosing mental health disorders, distinguishing normal from abnormal
+ elicits a wide range of self-descriptions scored to give a quantitative measurement of an individual’s level of emotional adjustment and attitude toward test-taking
Who is the ideal person to whom the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) should be given to?
should be administered to someone with no guilt feelings for creating a crime
How should the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) be administered: by individual or by group?
individual or by groups
How many scales does MMPI have?
Original MMPI had 13 scales, whilst the latest ver (MMPI-II) maintained the original 10 scales
What is the most important approach in the MMPI?
most important approach taken during construction of the MMPI was Empirical Criterion Keying (development, selection, and scoring of items within the scales was based on some external criterion of reference)
Clinical Scales of MMPI
- Hypochondriasis (Hs)
- Depression (D)
- Hysteria (Hy)
- Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
- Masculinity/Femininity (Mf)
- Paranoia (Pa)
- Psychasthenia (Anxiety, Depression, OCD) (Pt)
- Schizophrenia (Sc)
- Hypomania or Mania (Ma)
- Social Introversion (Si)
Hypochondriasis (Hs)
present multiple, vague, and chronic physical problems
Depression (D)
MMPI Clinical Scale
depressed mood, low self-esteem, lethargy, and feelings of guilt
Hysteria (Hy)
MMPI-2 Scale
develop physical symptoms in reaction to stress and can be dependent, naïve, infantile, and narcissistic
Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
MMPI-2 Scale
associated with antisocial behavior
Masculinity/Femininity (Mf)
interests more traditionally viewed as feminine or masculine
Paranoia (Pa)
suspicious, aloof, guarded, and overly sensitive
Psychasthenia (Anxiety, Depression, OCD) (Pt)
tense, anxious, ruminative, obsessive, phobic, and rigid
Schizophrenia (Sc)
MMPI-2 Scale
withdrawn, moody, and confused
Hypomania or Mania (Ma)
MMPI-2 Scale
sociable and optimistic, though can be manipulative and grandiose
Social Introversion (Si)
MMPI-2 Scale
introverted, withdrawn, submissive, over controlled, tense, inflexible (high scorers)
Validity/Dissimulation scales
MMPI-2
understand how genuine a test taker’s answers are
What are the Validity/Dissimulation scales of the MMPI-2?
- Lie Scale (L Scale)
- Infrequency Scale (F Scale)
- Superlative Self Presentation Scale (S Scale)
- Correction Scale (K Scale)
- “Cannot Say” (CNS or ?) Scale
- True Response Inconsistency (TRIN)
- Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN or VRIN)
- Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale (Fp)
- Fake Bad Scale (FBS)
- Back Page Infrequency (Fb)
Lie Scale (L Scale)
MMPI-2 Validity/Dissimulation Scales
items that are somewhat negative but apply to most people; assess the likelihood of the test taker to approach the instrument with defensive mindset
High in L scale
faking good
Low in L scale
frank and open regarding responses to items, can be sarcastic and cynical
Infrequency Scale (F Scale)
+ reveal inconsistencies in answer patterns and could also indicate severe distress or psychopathology
+ measures the extent to which a person answers in an atypical and deviant manner
High in F scale
faking bad, severe distress or psychopathology
Moderate Scores in F scale
draw attention to distress as cry for help, may be rebellious, antisocial, curious, psychologically sophisticated
Low Scores in F scale
perceive the world as most other people do, possible denial of difficulties
Superlative Self Presentation Scale (S Scale)
a measure of defensiveness; Superlative Self-Presentation to see if you intentionally distort answers to look better (Social Desirability)
Correction Scale (K Scale)
+ reflection of the frankness of the testtaker’s self-report
+ reveals a person’s defensiveness around certain questions and traits; also faking good
What is K scale sometimes used for?
K scale sometimes used to correct scores on five clinical scales. The scores are statistically corrected for an individual’s overwillingness or unwillingness to admit deviance
“Cannot Say” (CNS or ?) Scale
+ measures how a person doesn’t answer a test item; number of items left unanswered
+ client might have difficulties with reading, psychomotor retardation, or extreme defensiveness
True Response Inconsistency (TRIN)
five true, then five false answers
Very High Score in TRIN
person is indiscriminately answering “true” to the items
Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN or VRIN)
random true or false
+ expected to be answered in a consistent manner if the person is approaching the testing in a valid manner
+ if a person answers in the opposite direction, then it indicates an inconsistent response and is, therefore, scored as 1 raw score point on the VRIN Scale
High VRIN Score
indiscriminate responding, profile should be considered invalid and should not be interpreted
Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale (Fp)
reveal intentional or unintentional over-reporting
High Fp
high probability of faking or exaggerating psychopathology, even among psychiatric patients
Fake Bad Scale (FBS)
+ “symptom validity scale” designed to detect intentional over-reporting of symptoms
+ detect personal injury claimants who were exaggerating their difficulties
Back Page Infrequency (Fb)
+ reflects significant change in the testtaker’s approach to the latter part of the test
+ identify a “fake bad” mode of responding for the last 197 items
High Fb
exaggeration of psychopathology
Higher-Order Scales
MMPI-2
- Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID)
- Thought Dysfunction (THD)
- Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction (BXD)
Who developed the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)?
Leslie Morey
What are the span of ages of individuals who may take the PAI?
18 to 89
What are the span of ages of individuals who may take the PAI-A?
PAI-A for 12-18 years old
What is the format of Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)?
self-administered, paper-and-pencil/online test composed of 344 statements for which the respondent must choose who true each is for him or her
Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
assesses psychopathological syndromes and provide information relevant for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and screening for psychopathology
How were the items of each scale of the PAI developed?
items for each scale were developed based on extensive reviews of both historical, conceptual literature and contemporary, empirical literature, focusing on the concepts that are central and core to the concepts of each construct
Validity Scales of PAI
- Inconsistency (ICN)
- Infrequency (INF)
- Negative Impression (NIM)
- Positive Impression (PIM)
Clinical Scales of PAI
- Somatic Complaints (SOM)
- Anxiety (ANX)
- Anxiety-Related Disorders (ARD)
- Depression (DEP)
- Mania (MAN)
- Paranoia (PAI)
- Schizophrenia (SCZ)
- Borderline Features (BOR)
- Antisocial Features (ANT)
- Alcohol Problems (ALC)
- Drug Problems (DRG)
Treatment Scales of PAI
- Aggression (AGG)
- Suicidal Ideation (SUI)
- Stress (STR)
- Nonsupport (NON)
5, Treatment Rejection (RXR)
Interpersonal Scales of PAI
- Dominance (DOM)
- Warmth (WRM)
Who made the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Self-report inventory designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences
What are the scales of the MBTI?
- Extraversion-Introversion Scale
- Sensing-Intuition Scale
- Thinking-Feeling Scale
- Judging-Perceiving Scale
Extraversion-Introversion Scale (MBTI)
where you prefer to focus your attention and energy, the outer world and external events or your inner world of ideas and experiences
Sensing-Intuition Scale
how do you take inform, you take in or focus on interpreting and adding meaning on the information
Thinking-Feeling Scale
how do you make decisions, logical or following what your heart says
Judging-Perceiving Scale
how do you orient the outer world? What is your style in dealing with the outer world – get things decided or stay open to new info and options?
Who can take the Edward’s Preference Personality Schedule (EPPS)?
Adults
Who developed the Edward’s Preference Personality Schedule (EPPS) test?
Edwards, A. L.
Edward’s Preference Personality Schedule (EPPS)
designed primarily as an instrument for research and counselling purposes to provide quick and convenient measures of a number of relatively normal personality variables
What is Edward’s Preference Personality Schedule (EPPS) based on?
based of Murray’s Need Theory
Edward’s Preference Personality Schedule (EPPS)
Objective, forced-choice inventory for assessing the relative importance that an individual places on 15 personality variables