MODULE 10: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
peyers patches
found in ileum, scans the digestive system for harmful substances, kills pathogens
vestibule
the space between the cheeks and the lips and the gums and the teeth
posterior extension off the soft palate is called___
the uvula
types of salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
this salivary gland secretes serous or watery fluid and is located anterior and inferior to the external ear opening
parotid gland
this salivary gland secretes serous and mucous or viscous fluid and is inferior to the mandible
submandibular gland
this salivary gland secreted mucus and is inferior to the tongue
sublingual gland
parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
three tonsils are
palatine tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils
lingual tonsils
inferior surface of the tongue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth is called
the frenulum
what is the superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue covered in
papillae
how many teeth are in a set of deciduous teeth
20
how many teeth are in a set of permanent teeth
32
how long is the esophagus
25 cm
what type of epithelium protects the esophagus from friction as food travels from the oral cavity to the stomach
stratified squamous epithelium
mucosa
what does the submucosa contain
mucus secreting glands. the mucus is secreted is transported through a duct to be deposited in the lumen of the esophagus
what type of muscle does the muscular external layer of the esophagus contain
upper part is 1/3 skeletal muscle
the middle is 1/3 skeletal and smooth muscle
the lower 1/3 is smooth muscle
adventitia is composed of what kind of tissue
loose connective tissue
layers of the esophagus from inner to outer layer
mucosa
sub mucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia
regions of the stomach
fundus
body
antrum
the greater omentum
a structure that hangs off of the greater curvature of the stomach. apron like structure that covers and protects the abdominal viscera
why does the stomach have three layers of muscle while the esophagus only has two
the stomach needs to churn food during digestion, as well as push it towards the small intestine. these actions require more muscular power
duodenum
25 cm
C shaped and encloses the head of the pancreas
the first part of the small intestine in between the stomach and the jejunum
jejunum
2.5 m
lies in left upper quadrant of the abdomen
ileum
3.5 m
lies in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
small intestine histology
mucosa
sub mucosa
muscularis externa
-circular layer
-longitudinal layer
serosa
features of small intestine
villi
epithelium
laminate propria
intestinal glands
plicae circulares
the outermost layer of the small intestine is _____
serosa
fingerlike projections that extends into the lumen of the small intestine
villi
small intestine epithelium
- epithelium found on villi
- simple columnar epithelium
- simple columnar epithelium contains microvilli known as brush border which increases surface area
- goblet cells are are found in between absorptive cells, which secret mucus
-enteroendocrine cells found in the epithelium that secrete hormones involved in the regulation of satiety. blood sugar levels. growth epithelial cells
intestinal glands
mucosa contains intestinal glands (crypts of liberkuhn). these glands/ crypts are deep folds of mucosa between the billie and secrete intestinal juices.
plicae circularis
mucosa and su mucosa form plicae circularis, permanent transverse folds that help increase the surface area for absorption and causes the material to spiral through the small intestine
where are enteroendocrine cells found
epithelium, mucosa small intestine
what cells are found in epithelium of mucosa small intestine
absorptive cells (microvilli)
goblet cells
enteroendocrine cells
what do enteroendocrine cells do
secrete hormones involved in regulation of satiety, blood sugar level, growth of epithelial cells
what part of the mucosa form the core of each billy’s and contains blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries.
the lamina propria
where are intestinal glands or crypts of lieberkuhn found
mucosa, small intestine
transverse folds that help increase surface area for absorption and causes material to spiral through small intestine
plicae circularis
brunners glands
found in submucosa of small intestine in the duodenum
secrete alkaline mucus
helps protect small intestine from stomach acid that may be present in partially digested food.
muscular externa small intestine
two layers of smooth muscle which are organized into circular and longitudinal layers.
nerve plexus is located between these two layers of muscle
parts of the large intestine
cecum
rectum
colon
anal canal
the first portion of the large intestine and has an extension off of it called the vermiform appendix
cecum
the second potion of the large intestine which is divided into four section
colon
extends from the cecum up the right side of the abdomen to join the transverse colon just below the liver
ascending colon
extends below the liver, crossing the abdomen to joint the descending colon just below the spleen
transverse colon
descending colon
extends down the left side of the abdomen from the splenic end of the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon
s shaped terminal portion of the colon that leads into the rectum
sigmoid colon
s shaped terminal portion of the colon that leads into the rectum
sigmoid colon
histology of the large intestine
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia/ serosa
haustra
sac- like structures formed by the teniae coli when it contracts and bunches up the wall of the large intestine.
teniae coli
three longitudinal bands in the muscular externa of the large intestine
how is the internal anal sphincter formed
when the circular muscle thickens into the internal anal sphincter
submucosa large intestine
contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve plexuses and glands
what part of the intestines would be affected by crohns disease
the ileum
why would crohn’s disease lead to malnutrition
inflammation causing disruption to the mucosa would impede and decrease the ability of these cells to function properly, decreasing the amount of nutrients being absorbed
anal column
longitudinal ridges in anal canal
functions of digestive tract
digestion
absorption
secretion
motility
elimination and waste
where are nutrients absorbed
small intestine
where are vitamins, water absorbed
large intestine
what is serosa made up of
loose connective tissue
what is submucosa made out of
dense irregular connective tissue
what is the mucosa composed of
surface epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
accessory digestive organs
tongue teeth salivary glands liver biliary ducts and gallbladder and pancreas
digestive tracts
mouth oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine and anus
