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anat 100 > MODULE 10: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

MODULE 10: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

peyers patches

A

found in ileum, scans the digestive system for harmful substances, kills pathogens

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2
Q

vestibule

A

the space between the cheeks and the lips and the gums and the teeth

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3
Q

posterior extension off the soft palate is called___

A

the uvula

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4
Q

types of salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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5
Q

this salivary gland secretes serous or watery fluid and is located anterior and inferior to the external ear opening

A

parotid gland

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6
Q

this salivary gland secretes serous and mucous or viscous fluid and is inferior to the mandible

A

submandibular gland

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7
Q

this salivary gland secreted mucus and is inferior to the tongue

A

sublingual gland

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8
Q

parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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9
Q

three tonsils are

A

palatine tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils
lingual tonsils

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10
Q

inferior surface of the tongue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth is called

A

the frenulum

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11
Q

what is the superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue covered in

A

papillae

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12
Q

how many teeth are in a set of deciduous teeth

A

20

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13
Q

how many teeth are in a set of permanent teeth

A

32

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14
Q

how long is the esophagus

A

25 cm

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15
Q

what type of epithelium protects the esophagus from friction as food travels from the oral cavity to the stomach

A

stratified squamous epithelium
mucosa

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16
Q

what does the submucosa contain

A

mucus secreting glands. the mucus is secreted is transported through a duct to be deposited in the lumen of the esophagus

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17
Q

what type of muscle does the muscular external layer of the esophagus contain

A

upper part is 1/3 skeletal muscle
the middle is 1/3 skeletal and smooth muscle
the lower 1/3 is smooth muscle

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18
Q

adventitia is composed of what kind of tissue

A

loose connective tissue

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19
Q

layers of the esophagus from inner to outer layer

A

mucosa
sub mucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

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20
Q

regions of the stomach

A

fundus
body
antrum

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21
Q

the greater omentum

A

a structure that hangs off of the greater curvature of the stomach. apron like structure that covers and protects the abdominal viscera

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22
Q

why does the stomach have three layers of muscle while the esophagus only has two

A

the stomach needs to churn food during digestion, as well as push it towards the small intestine. these actions require more muscular power

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23
Q

duodenum

A

25 cm
C shaped and encloses the head of the pancreas
the first part of the small intestine in between the stomach and the jejunum

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24
Q

jejunum

A

2.5 m
lies in left upper quadrant of the abdomen

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25
Q

ileum

A

3.5 m
lies in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

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26
Q

small intestine histology

A

mucosa
sub mucosa
muscularis externa
-circular layer
-longitudinal layer
serosa

27
Q

features of small intestine

A

villi
epithelium
laminate propria
intestinal glands
plicae circulares

28
Q

the outermost layer of the small intestine is _____

A

serosa

29
Q

fingerlike projections that extends into the lumen of the small intestine

A

villi

30
Q

small intestine epithelium

A
  • epithelium found on villi
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • simple columnar epithelium contains microvilli known as brush border which increases surface area
  • goblet cells are are found in between absorptive cells, which secret mucus
    -enteroendocrine cells found in the epithelium that secrete hormones involved in the regulation of satiety. blood sugar levels. growth epithelial cells
31
Q

intestinal glands

A

mucosa contains intestinal glands (crypts of liberkuhn). these glands/ crypts are deep folds of mucosa between the billie and secrete intestinal juices.

32
Q

plicae circularis

A

mucosa and su mucosa form plicae circularis, permanent transverse folds that help increase the surface area for absorption and causes the material to spiral through the small intestine

33
Q

where are enteroendocrine cells found

A

epithelium, mucosa small intestine

34
Q

what cells are found in epithelium of mucosa small intestine

A

absorptive cells (microvilli)
goblet cells
enteroendocrine cells

35
Q

what do enteroendocrine cells do

A

secrete hormones involved in regulation of satiety, blood sugar level, growth of epithelial cells

36
Q

what part of the mucosa form the core of each billy’s and contains blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries.

A

the lamina propria

37
Q

where are intestinal glands or crypts of lieberkuhn found

A

mucosa, small intestine

38
Q

transverse folds that help increase surface area for absorption and causes material to spiral through small intestine

A

plicae circularis

39
Q

brunners glands

A

found in submucosa of small intestine in the duodenum
secrete alkaline mucus
helps protect small intestine from stomach acid that may be present in partially digested food.

40
Q

muscular externa small intestine

A

two layers of smooth muscle which are organized into circular and longitudinal layers.

nerve plexus is located between these two layers of muscle

41
Q

parts of the large intestine

A

cecum
rectum
colon
anal canal

42
Q

the first portion of the large intestine and has an extension off of it called the vermiform appendix

A

cecum

43
Q

the second potion of the large intestine which is divided into four section

A

colon

44
Q

extends from the cecum up the right side of the abdomen to join the transverse colon just below the liver

A

ascending colon

45
Q

extends below the liver, crossing the abdomen to joint the descending colon just below the spleen

A

transverse colon

46
Q

descending colon

A

extends down the left side of the abdomen from the splenic end of the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon

47
Q

s shaped terminal portion of the colon that leads into the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

48
Q

s shaped terminal portion of the colon that leads into the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

49
Q

histology of the large intestine

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia/ serosa

50
Q

haustra

A

sac- like structures formed by the teniae coli when it contracts and bunches up the wall of the large intestine.

51
Q

teniae coli

A

three longitudinal bands in the muscular externa of the large intestine

52
Q

how is the internal anal sphincter formed

A

when the circular muscle thickens into the internal anal sphincter

53
Q

submucosa large intestine

A

contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve plexuses and glands

54
Q

what part of the intestines would be affected by crohns disease

A

the ileum

55
Q

why would crohn’s disease lead to malnutrition

A

inflammation causing disruption to the mucosa would impede and decrease the ability of these cells to function properly, decreasing the amount of nutrients being absorbed

56
Q

anal column

A

longitudinal ridges in anal canal

57
Q

functions of digestive tract

A

digestion
absorption
secretion
motility
elimination and waste

58
Q

where are nutrients absorbed

A

small intestine

59
Q

where are vitamins, water absorbed

A

large intestine

60
Q

what is serosa made up of

A

loose connective tissue

61
Q

what is submucosa made out of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

62
Q

what is the mucosa composed of

A

surface epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

63
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

tongue teeth salivary glands liver biliary ducts and gallbladder and pancreas

64
Q

digestive tracts

A

mouth oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine and anus

anat 100 (8 decks)

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