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BHIS 406 Final Exam > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium in systole across a diseased valve is called:
1. mitral stenosis
2. myocardial infraction
3. mitral regurgitation
4. mitral valve prolapse

A

mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the backflow (regurgitation) of blood during systole from the left ventricle into the left atrium across a diseased valve. One cause of MR is mitral valve prolapse, which occurs when one or both cusps of the mitral valve may protrude back into the left atrium during ventricular systole. Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve. Myocardial infarction is a heart attack.

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2
Q

**
An idiopathic disease of the peripheral vascular system that causes intermittent cyanosis and/or erythema of the distal ends of the fingers and/or toes is:**
1. Raynaud disease
2. Raynaud phenomenon
3. DVT
4. claudication

A

Raynaud disease

Raynaud disease is an idiopathic disease of the peripheral vascular system. Symptoms include intermittent cyanosis and/or erythema of the distal ends of the fingers or toes. Raynaud phenomenon is secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or trauma. Presentation is unilateral.

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3
Q

Choose the correct spelling of the term for the heart’s natural pacemaker.
1. sinoartrial node
2. sinoatrial node
3. synovenatrial node
4. synoartrial node

A

sinoatrial node

The sinoatrial node (SA) is known as the heart’s natural pacemaker. The SA node sends an electrical impulse through both atria, pausing at the atrioventricular (AV) node, which is a small mass of cardiac muscle.

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4
Q

Localized dilation of an artery caused by a congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of a vessel is:
1. claudication
2. varicosity
3. aneurysm
4. arteriosclerosis

A

aneurysm

An aneurysm is a localized dilation of an artery caused by a congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of a vessel. A varicosity is a varicose vein, an enlarged tortuous vein caused by valves that aren’t functioning properly. Claudication is cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles. Arteriosclerosis describes a loss of elasticity of arterial walls.

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5
Q

Any abnormality of the sinus node is referred to as:

  1. sinus node sickness
  2. sinus dysrhythmia
  3. sick sinus syndrome
  4. abnormal sinus rhythm
A

sick sinus syndrome

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a complex of arrhythmias associated with sinus node dysfunction. The condition may result from a variety of cardiac diseases but is most commonly related to either intermittent sinoatrial (SA) block or inadequate SA conduction.

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6
Q

A combining form for an upper chamber of the heart is:

  1. sept/o
  2. atri/o
  3. ventricul/o
  4. antr/o
A

atri/o

The upper chambers of the heart are the atria (atri/o). The lower chambers of the heart are the ventricles (ventricul/o).

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7
Q

**In _____ circulation, the blood traveling away from the heart first passes through the aorta on the _____ side of the heart.
**
1. pulmonary, right
2. pumonary, left
3. systemic, left
4. systemic, right

A

systemic, left

In systemic circulation, the blood traveling away from the heart first passes through the aorta on the left side of the heart. The systemic circulation carries blood to the cells of the body, where nutrient and waste exchange takes place. The wastes, such as carbon dioxide, are carried back to the heart on the return trip. This blood is then pumped out of the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.

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8
Q

**Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the _____ and returns to the heart through the _____.
**
1. coronary arteries, pulmonary veins
2. venae cavae, aorta
3. aorta, venae cavae
4. pulmonary arteries, coronary veins

A

aorta, venae cavae

Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Blood returns to the heart through the venae cavae (sing., vena cava), which are large veins that transport blood back to the right atrium of the heart from the systemic circulation.

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9
Q

**Build a term for a procedure to remove a blood clot along with part of the lining of his obstructed artery.
**
1. endo- + arter/o + ather/o + -ectomy
2. thromb/o + endo- + arter/o + -ectomy
3. thromb/o + ather/o + -ectomy
4. endo- + ather/o + thromb/o + -ectomy

A

thromb/o + endo- + arter/o + -ectomy

Thromboendarterectomy is the** removal (-ectomy)** of a blood clot (thromb/o), along with part of the lining (endo-) of the obstructed artery (arter/o). Note that the** “o” of endo- **is dropped for easier pronunciation.

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10
Q

Choose the correct alternative name for the bundle of His.

  1. sinoatrial valve
  2. atrioventricular node
  3. natural pacemaker
  4. atrioventricular bundle
A

atrioventricular bundle

An electrical signal begins in the right atrium at the SA node (the natural pacemaker). When these atria contract, the signal passes through the AV node, into the bundle of His (the AV bundle), which is a band of specialized cardiac muscle fibers. From there it travels into the Purkinje fibers and into the bundle branches in both ventricles.

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11
Q

Inflammation of either deep or superficial veins with the formation of one or more blood clots is:
1. peripheral vascular disorder
2. thrombophlebitis
3. varicose veins
4. phlebitis

A

thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is** inflammation (-itis)** of either deep or superficial veins (phleb/o) with the formation of one or more blood clots (thromb/o). When thrombophlebitis affects the deep veins, it is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

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12
Q

Lack of oxygen in the blood may be evidenced as a bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and/or lips known as:
1. diaphoresis
2. pallor
3. edema
4. cyanosis

A

cyanosis

Cyanosis is the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen. Cyan/o means blue. Pallor is a paleness of skin. Diaphoresis is profuse sweating. Edema is abnormal fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces of tissues.

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12
Q

Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles are:
1. Raynaud disease
2. Raynaud phenomenon
3. claudication
4. DVT

A

claudication

Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles are known as claudication. This term has its origins in the Latin verb to limp, derived from the word for lame, claudus.

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13
Q

Paroxysmal chest pain often accompanied by shortness of breath and a sensation of impending doom is:
1. myocardial infarction
2. coronary artery disease
3. myocardial infraction
4. angina pectoris

A

angina pectoris

Symptoms of angina pectoris include shortness of breath, a sensation of impending doom, and paroxysmal chest pain. These pains occur in the neck, chest, left shoulder, and left arm, and are usually caused by oxygen deprivation in the heart muscle.

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14
Q

Deoxygenated blood travels to the lungs through the:

  1. pulmonary arteries
  2. coronary arteries
  3. venae cavae
  4. aorta
A

pulmonary arteries

Deoxygenated blood travels to the** lungs (pulmon/o)** through the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood.

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15
Q

A synonym for the bicuspid valve is:

  1. pulmonic semilunar valve
  2. mitral valve
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. aortic semilunar valve
A

mitral valve

The terms bicuspid valve and mitral valve refer to the same anatomic structure: the valve between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart.

16
Q

Digital subtraction angiography is the injection of a radiopaque substance during cardiac catheterization for the purpose of imaging the heart and related structures.
1. True
2. False

A

False

The question defines angiocardiography. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a digital imaging process wherein contrast images are used to “subtract” the noncontrast image of surrounding structures, leaving only a clear image of blood vessels.

17
Q

A varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins is:

  1. proctitis
  2. hemorrhoids
  3. proctalgia
  4. phlebitis
A

hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are a varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins that can cause painful swelling near the anus.

18
Q

Open-heart surgery in which a piece of a blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage is:
1. PTCA
2. MIDCAB
3. CABG
4. TMR

A

CABG

A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is an open-heart procedure that involves grafting a piece of healthy blood vessel from one location, like a leg, into one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage.

19
Q

**Choose the term for the surgical division of a fibrous band or ring connecting corresponding body parts that is used to separate the thickened adherent leaves of a stenosed mitral valve.
**
1. commissurotomy
2. cardiac defibrillation
3. coronary artery bypass graft
4. endarterectomy

A

commissurotomy

Commissurotomy is the surgical division of a fibrous band or ring connecting corresponding body parts. Commissur/o means connection; -tomy means surgical incision. Commissurotomy is commonly performed to separate thickened, adherent leaves of a stenosed mitral valve.

20
Q

**A disease in which the arterial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity, without the presence of atheromas, is:
**
1. arteriosclerosis
2. aneurysm
3. peripheral arterial occlusion
4. atherosclerosis

A

arteriosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis is a disease in which the walls of an artery (arteri/o) become thickened and lose their elasticity. The suffix -sclerosis means hardening. Hardening of the arteries with the presence of atheromas is atherosclerosis. Ather/o means fat, plaque. Atheromas can reduce or obstruct blood flow.

21
Q

Cardiac tissue death that occurs when a coronary artery is occluded is:
1. myocardial infarction
2. congestive heart failure
3. coronary artery disease
4. coronary artery bypass graft

A

myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction describes the necrosis (death) of a portion of the myocardial muscle due to an obstruction in a coronary artery either caused by atherosclerosis or a thrombus.

21
Q

A congenital anomaly that consists of four defects—pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy—is called ___.
1. tetralogy of Fallot
2. Raynaud phenomenon
3. diaphoresis
4. DVT

A

tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital anomaly that consists of four (tetra-) defects: pulmonic stenosis; ventricular septal defect; malposition of the aorta; and right ventricular hypertrophy.

22
Q

**A physical examination technique of tapping and listening to internal body sounds is abbreviated:
**
1. A&P
2. BP
3. EST
4. ECHO

A

A & P

Auscultation is the act of listening for sounds within the body to evaluate organs. It is usually performed using a stethoscope. Percussion is a technique in physical examination of tapping the body to evaluate internal organs and to discover the presence and evaluate the amount of fluid in a body cavity. Performed together, these techniques are referred to as auscultation and percussion (A&P).

23
Q

A lipid profile measures _____ in the circulating blood.

  1. cholesterol and triglycerides
  2. cardiac enzymes
  3. cortisol
  4. LDH and CPK
A

cholesterol and triglycerides

A lipid profile is a laboratory blood test that measures cholesterol and triglycerides (lipids) in the circulating blood.** Lip/o means fat, lipid**. The cardiac enzymes test measures the amount of cardiac enzymes characteristically released during a myocardial infarction. Specifically, it determines the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the blood.

24
Q

Build a medical term meaning excision within the artery:

  1. intra- + ather/o + -ectomy
  2. inter- + arter/o + -ectomy
  3. endo- + ather/o + -ectomy
  4. endo- + arter/o + -ectomy
A

endo- + arter/o + -ectomy

Endarterectomy literally means excision (-ectomy) within (endo-) the artery (arter/o). Endarterectomy involves removal of the thickened intimal lining of the artery. Note that the “o” of endo- is dropped for easier pronunciation.

25
Q

**Both cusps of a patient’s mitral valve protrude back into the left atrium during ventricular systole, meaning she has ___.
**
1. mitral valve infarction
2. mitral atrial flutter
3. mitral valve prolapse
4. diaphoresis

A

mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse is the condition that occurs when one or both cusps of the mitral valve protrude back into the left atrium during ventricular systole.

26
Q

In the term ischemia, the combining form isch/o means:

  1. a blockage
  2. pain
  3. to hold back
  4. abnormal reduction
A

to hold back

Isch/o means to hold back. In this particular term, ischemia is a blood condition (-emia) characterized by deficient flow** (isch/o = to hold back)** of oxygenated blood to the heart. It is caused by arterial blockage.

27
Q

A progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart is:

  1. ventricular tachycardia
  2. cardiomyopathy
  3. congestive heart failure
  4. ventricular fibrillation
A

cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a progressive disorder of the ventricles. There are three different types. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form. In this disorder, the left ventricle becomes dilated, and its pumping ability is diminished. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal growth or thickening of the heart muscle, especially of the left ventricle. With restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes rigid and less elastic, interfering with the expansion and filling of the heart’s ventricles with blood between heartbeats.

28
Q

A sphygmomanometer measures:

  1. pulmonary function
  2. electrical activity of the heart muscle
  3. cardiac reaction to daily activities
  4. blood pressure
A

blood pressure

Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer. A stethoscope is an instrument used to listen to chest sounds. An electrocardiograph is an instrument that records the electrical activity of the heart muscle. Holter monitors provide portability so that the heart’s reaction to daily activities can be recorded.

BHIS 406 Final Exam (8 decks)

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