Module 1 - Social Psych

Question 1

Internal attribution

Answer 1

the behavior is due to something about the person

Question 2

External attribution

Answer 2

the behavior is due to factors outside of the person’s control

Question 3

How are attributions formed? (3)

Answer 3

consensus - would others act this way
consistency - does this person always do it
distinctiveness - does the person behave like this in other situations

Question 4

What are the sources of attributional bias? (2)

Answer 4

fundamental attribution error

actor-observer effect

Question 5

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 5

tendency to make internal attributions for other people’s behavior

Question 6

Actor-observer effect

Answer 6

kinder to ourselves than others

Question 7

When does attitude predict behavior? (4)

Answer 7

strong attitude strength
direct experience origin
attitude specificity
situational norms

Question 8

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 8

thoughts that are inconsistent, motivates people to reduce dissonance by rationalizing or justifying behavior

Question 9

Self-perception theory

Answer 9

don’t necessarily always experience CD

presume behavior reflects attitude (especially minor things and people who are not self-aware)

Question 10

What are we more likely to be persuaded by? (5)

Answer 10

high credibility 
trustworthiness
similarity 
likeability
fear

Question 11

What are 3 methods of persuasion?

Answer 11

foot in the door
door in the face
lowballing

Question 12

Schema

Answer 12

mental frameworks that allow us to organize large amount of information

Question 13

Stereotype

Answer 13

schema about what a person is like based on their membership of a group

Question 14

Prejudice

Answer 14

negative attitude towards people based on their membership of a particular group

Question 15

In-group and out-group

Answer 15

do belong

don’t belong

Question 16

Implicit beliefs/stereotypes

Answer 16

not knowing you feel that way

Question 17

Prosocial behavior

Answer 17

contributes positively to people or society

Question 18

Bystander effect

Answer 18

not responding to emergencies due to a diffusion of responsibility, audience inhibition and social influence

Question 19

Who are we more likely to respond to? (3)

Answer 19

similarity
sexual attraction
attributions

Question 20

Why do friendships form? (4)

Answer 20

proximity
repeated exposure
reciprocity principle (like those who like us)
similarity

Question 21

Primacy effect

Answer 21

tendency to attach more importance to initial information about person

Question 22

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 22

people’s expectations lead them to act towards others in a certain way to bring about expected behavior, confirming original impression

Question 23

Theory of planned behavior

Answer 23

intention to engage in a behavior is strongest when we have a positive attitude, subjective norms support it and we believe it is under our control

Question 24

Counterattitudinal behavior

Answer 24

behavior inconsistent with attitude, produces cognitive dissonance

Question 25

Self-perception behavior

Answer 25

we make perceptions of our own behavior by observation

Question 26

Central route to persuasion

Answer 26

occurs when people think carefully about the information

Question 27

Peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 27

occurs when people are more influenced by other factors relating to the message

Question 28

Informational social influence

Answer 28

following behaviors of others because we believe they have accurate knowledge

Question 29

Normative social influence

Answer 29

conforming to obtain rewards associated with being accepted by others

Question 30

Two factors that influence conformity

Answer 30

group size | presence of a dissenter

Question 31

4 factors affecting obedience

Answer 31

remoteness of victim closeness and legitimacy of authority figure diffusion of responsibility personal characteristics

Question 32

Norm of reciprocity

Answer 32

expectation that others treat us well when we treat them well

Question 33

Social compensation

Answer 33

working harder in a group to compensate for other members' lower inputs

Question 34

Group polarisation

Answer 34

when a group of like-minded people discuss an issue, the 'average' opinion of group becomes more extreme

Question 35

Groupthink

Answer 35

tendency of group to suspend critical thinking because striving for agreement

Question 36

What heightens groupthink? (4)

Answer 36

high stress insulated from outside input directive leader high cohesiveness

Question 37

Deindividuation

Answer 37

loss of individuality = disinhibited behavior

Question 38

Catharsis

Answer 38

process of releasing and providing relief from strong or repressed emotions

Question 39

What is the 'ultimate' form of love?

Answer 39

consummate love