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Psychology IA > Module 1 - Social Psych > Flashcards

Module 1 - Social Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Internal attribution

A

the behavior is due to something about the person

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2
Q

External attribution

A

the behavior is due to factors outside of the person’s control

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3
Q

How are attributions formed? (3)

A

consensus - would others act this way
consistency - does this person always do it
distinctiveness - does the person behave like this in other situations

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4
Q

What are the sources of attributional bias? (2)

A

fundamental attribution error

actor-observer effect

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5
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to make internal attributions for other people’s behavior

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6
Q

Actor-observer effect

A

kinder to ourselves than others

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7
Q

When does attitude predict behavior? (4)

A

strong attitude strength
direct experience origin
attitude specificity
situational norms

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8
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

thoughts that are inconsistent, motivates people to reduce dissonance by rationalizing or justifying behavior

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9
Q

Self-perception theory

A

don’t necessarily always experience CD

presume behavior reflects attitude (especially minor things and people who are not self-aware)

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10
Q

What are we more likely to be persuaded by? (5)

A 
high credibility 
trustworthiness
similarity 
likeability
fear
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11
Q

What are 3 methods of persuasion?

A

foot in the door
door in the face
lowballing

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12
Q

Schema

A

mental frameworks that allow us to organize large amount of information

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13
Q

Stereotype

A

schema about what a person is like based on their membership of a group

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14
Q

Prejudice

A

negative attitude towards people based on their membership of a particular group

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15
Q

In-group and out-group

A

do belong

don’t belong

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16
Q

Implicit beliefs/stereotypes

A

not knowing you feel that way

17
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

contributes positively to people or society

18
Q

Bystander effect

A

not responding to emergencies due to a diffusion of responsibility, audience inhibition and social influence

19
Q

Who are we more likely to respond to? (3)

A

similarity
sexual attraction
attributions

20
Q

Why do friendships form? (4)

A

proximity
repeated exposure
reciprocity principle (like those who like us)
similarity

21
Q

Primacy effect

A

tendency to attach more importance to initial information about person

22
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

people’s expectations lead them to act towards others in a certain way to bring about expected behavior, confirming original impression

23
Q

Theory of planned behavior

A

intention to engage in a behavior is strongest when we have a positive attitude, subjective norms support it and we believe it is under our control

24
Q

Counterattitudinal behavior

A

behavior inconsistent with attitude, produces cognitive dissonance

25
Q

Self-perception behavior

A

we make perceptions of our own behavior by observation

26
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

occurs when people think carefully about the information

27
Q

Peripheral route to persuasion

A

occurs when people are more influenced by other factors relating to the message

28
Q

Informational social influence

A

following behaviors of others because we believe they have accurate knowledge

29
Q

Normative social influence

A

conforming to obtain rewards associated with being accepted by others

30
Q

Two factors that influence conformity

A

group size

presence of a dissenter

31
Q

4 factors affecting obedience

A

remoteness of victim
closeness and legitimacy of authority figure
diffusion of responsibility
personal characteristics

32
Q

Norm of reciprocity

A

expectation that others treat us well when we treat them well

33
Q

Social compensation

A

working harder in a group to compensate for other members’ lower inputs

34
Q

Group polarisation

A

when a group of like-minded people discuss an issue, the ‘average’ opinion of group becomes more extreme

35
Q

Groupthink

A

tendency of group to suspend critical thinking because striving for agreement

36
Q

What heightens groupthink? (4)

A

high stress
insulated from outside input
directive leader
high cohesiveness

37
Q

Deindividuation

A

loss of individuality = disinhibited behavior

38
Q

Catharsis

A

process of releasing and providing relief from strong or repressed emotions

39
Q

What is the ‘ultimate’ form of love?

A

consummate love

Psychology IA (6 decks)

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