Module 1 -part 3: cultural competence in communications

Question 1

Five essential elements of cultural competence that health care providers need (Srivastava, 2007)

Answer 1

• Valuing cultural diversity
• having the capacity for cultural self-assessment
• being conscious of the “dynamics” inherent when cultures interact
• having institutionalized cultural knowledge
• developing adaptions in service delivery that reflect the understanding of cultural diversity

Question 2

Cultural competence

Answer 2

does not mean knowing everything about every culture or needing to abandon our own cultural identity; rather it means a respect for differences and a willingness to accept the idea that there are many ways of viewing the world
-“Regardless of the specific definition, underpinning the concept of cultural competence is the assumption that competence transforms knowledge and understanding into effective healthcare responses and interventions” p. 16

Question 3

Srivastavas ABC & (DE) model of cultural competence

Answer 3

• Affective Domain
• Behavioral domain
• Cognitive Domain
• Dynamics of Difference
• Equity & Environment

Question 4

Sirvastavas model of cultural competence Affective Domain

Answer 4

involves Cultural awareness & Cultural sensitivity
-affective domain reflects intentional respect for differences and an openness to learning and understanding difference
-requires commitment to learn about and from those who are different in their cultural awareness and sensitivity include:
Critical self-reflection
openness
experience

Question 5

Cultural Awareness

Answer 5

• self- examination
• reflection and exploration of one owns cultural and professional background and belief systems
• recognizing ones own biases. prejudices, and assumptions about those who are different
• if not aware of our beliefs and assumptions easier to impose own beliefs, values expectations on individuals of other cultures (MINE IS BETTER)

Question 6

Cultural Sensitivity

Answer 6

-awareness, understanding, attitudes, respect & appreciation for cultural behaviors and based on understanding the other persons experience or perspective

Question 7

Sirvastavas model of cultural competence behavioral domain

Answer 7

-cultural skill that assist the care provider to learn about client preferences and beliefs, values and health practices to identity how best to develop interventions and goals in line with the clients own beliefs EX

Question 8

Sirvastavas model of cultural competence Cognitive Domain

Answer 8

need for care based on health providers knowledge srivastavas notes:
3 Components:
-individual and specific knowledge unique to the client( ie. specific needs and beliefs of the client related to health or illness)

• knowledge about the greater culture (ie. general beliefs about health care or wellness eg: maternity Chinese women do not wish to shower during labor for comfort -hot and cold beliefs)
• Knowledge with respect to cultural processes (awareness that non-health care workers may not understand the ‘culture” of the hospital)

Question 9

Sirvastavas model of cultural competence Dynamics of Difference

Answer 9

• human beings generally respond to the unusual or unfamiliar with anxiety and suspicion, we react automatically and our reaction is based on our cultural assumptions
• thus fear and lack of familiarity are common barriers to culturally sensitive care provision
• health provider acknowledged and understand the impact of systematic oppression, discrimination and racism
• recognize the impact of both marginalization and privlige

Question 10

Sirvastavas model of cultural competence Equity and Environment

Answer 10

• equity: recognizes those with greater need require different approach to services and level of service provision to obtain the same outcomes as those who are privileged
• this recognizes barriers to real access to services and encourages health provider to focus on context of client’s life not juts the interaction
• Environment: recognized the limitations and facilitators to providing culturally competent care to clients

Question 11

ethnocentrism

Answer 11

perspective that beliefs and values of one individuals culture better or “right” compared to those of other cultures (MY CULTURE IS BETTER AND RIGHT AND YOURS IS NOT)

Question 12

stereotyping

Answer 12

assuming all members of another culture or ethnic group are the same in their preferences and beleifs

Question 13

unequal access by some groups to resources, status, power due to polices and practices of agencies or organization

Answer 13

Institutional discrimination

Question 14

prejudice

Answer 14

strongly held preconceived judgements or opinion about a group of individuals or issue

Question 15

view of race as a basic determinant of human qualities and abilities and that ethnic differences produce an inherent superiority of one race over another

Answer 15

Racism

Question 16

Ethno-relativity

Answer 16

appreciation and respect for worldview of other culture

Question 17

an action or a decision that treats a person or a group negatively on the basis of race, age, gender, ethnicity, disability or other group memenbership

Answer 17

discrimination

Question 18

Race vs ethnicity vs Culture

Answer 18

Race: biological differnces or similarites
Ethnicity: heritage (past)
Culture: any group of people with common values (now)

Question 19

______ continues to be a great barrier to improved health that social class, socio-economic status and lifestyle choices

Answer 19

Race

Question 20

Culture is a term

Answer 20

that applies to any group of people where there are common values and ways of thinking and acting that differ from those of another group

Question 21

Colonization lead to negative consequences such as

Answer 21

cultural discontinuity

Question 22

Five essentials of cultural competence

Answer 22

• valuing cultural diversity
• having the capacity for cultural self-assessment
• being conscious of the “dynamics” inherent when cultures interact
• having institutionalized cultural knowledge
• developing adaptations in service delivery that reflect an understanding of cultural diversity

Question 23

barriers to culturally competent care:

Answer 23

• Racism
• minority
• ethnicity (ethnocentrism)
• Biculutraism

Question 24

cultural competence continuum from srivastavas

Answer 24

• cultural competence has been described as a continuum that rages from cultural destructiveness to cultural proficiency
• cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, cultural pre-competence, cultural competence, cultural proficiency

Question 25

cultural competence continuum

Answer 25

• cultural destructiveness: extreme negative, attitudes. practices and organizational polices that focous on superiority of one culture to another ex. residential schools
• cultural incapacity: refers to inability of health care providers and institutions to help clients from different culutres ex. lack of languaage interpertation services may be one example of cultural incapacity
• cultural blindness: exixtence of cultural differnces is deinied in a dire to be unbiased and treat all clients identically ex. giving clients cold water for meds (lots of culltures avoid cold foods when ill)
• cultural precompetence: refers to the recognition of needs based on culture and some movement toward meeting thoose needs ex. engagement with individual and communities to ask what can we do?
• cultural proficiency: practicioners and orginizations in this stage value diversity and seek out the positive role that culture can play in health and health care. look for oppurtunites to create new knowledge and inovative practices to enusre high quality health care for all.