Module 1: part 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of an agonist drug?
An agonist drug is a substance that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a biological response.
What is the primary role of an agonist in pharmacology?
To mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance and activate receptors.
What is a full agonist?
A full agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a maximum biological response.
Which type of agonist can act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist?
Partial agonist
What is the primary difference between a full agonist and a partial agonist?
The primary difference is that a full agonist produces a maximum effect, while a partial agonist produces a submaximal effect.
Which of the following is an example of a full agonist? A) Naloxone B) Morphine C) Buprenorphine
B) Morphine
Fill in the blank: __________ is an agonist that mimics the effects of adrenaline.
Epinephrine
What is an example of a partial agonist?
Bupernorphine for heroine users is a weak partial agonist that acts as a weak opioid substitute but also as an irreversible antagonist, reducing the likelihood of overdose when heroine is re-introduced.
What is the definition of antagonist drugs?
Antagonist drugs are substances that block or inhibit the action of a neurotransmitter or hormone at its receptor.
Which of the following is an example of an antagonist drug? a) Morphine b) Naloxone c) Adrenaline
b) Naloxone
What is the primary clinical use of antagonist drugs?
To reverse or block the effects of agonists, such as in overdose situations.
What is an antagonist drug?
An antagonist drug is a substance that blocks or inhibits the action of a neurotransmitter or hormone.
Fill in the blank: ________ is a common antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine overdoses.
Flumazenil
Name one example of a beta-blocker that acts as an antagonist.
Propranolol
What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose and the effective dose of a drug. It provides the range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events.
True or False: A higher therapeutic index indicates a safer drug.
True. Those with a lower TI have a narrower window between their effective doses and those at which produce adverse toxic effects.
Fill in the blank: The therapeutic index is calculated as the _____ dose divided by the _____ dose.
toxic, effective
Short answer: Why is the therapeutic index important in pharmacology?
It helps assess the safety and efficacy of a drug, guiding dosage and treatment decisions.
What are two drugs with a narrow therapeutic index?
Warfarin and digoxin - require close monitoring
True or False: A drug with a wide therapeutic index has a greater margin of safety.
True
What are two drugs with a wide therapeutic index?
Acetaminophen and diazepam.
Which of the following is an example of a drug with a wide therapeutic index? A) Digoxin B) Amoxicillin C) Penicillin D) Acetaminophen
D) Acetaminophen
What does a therapeutic index of 20 indicate?
The toxic dose of a drug is 20 times higher than the therapeutic dose.
e.g. Typical therapeutic dose = 500 mg/day; Toxi dose is 10,000 mg/day; TI = 10,000/500 = 20
