Module 1 MiniModule 5: Topical Therapy Flashcards
What form of topical treatment is the following describing?
- Mechanical effect will always be beneficial (remove skin debris, allergens)
- Chose according to skin condition
- Can be applied in a limited area (chin, paws)
Shampooing
What form of topical treatment is the following describing?
- Is better if you shave the affected area for easy application
- Apply products once to twice daily until resolution
- Maintenance frequency based on each case
Ointments-creams-lotions-wipes
- avoid the patient from licking/chewing the area for at least 1/2 hour after applying
What are the “big categories” for topical therapy?
- Keratoseborrheic disorders
- Infectious dermatitis
- Allergic dermatitis
- Otits externa
The following clinical signs are from:
- Scaling
- Oiliness-rancid smell
- Recurrent infections
Keratinization disorders
Products often used for Keratinization disorders:
- Help remove excess of scale either by increasing desquamation or by reducing intercellular cohesion
Keratolytic
- allergic, scabies
Definition:
- shedding of the outer layers of the skin
- your skin’s way of recovering or healing from some type of damage
desquamation
Products often used for Keratinization disorders:
- Regulate skin cell proliferation - a cytostatic effect is probably exerted on basal cells, reducing their rate of division (prevents build-up)
Keratoplastic
- good for genetic skin conditions, chronic
Products often used for Keratinization disorders:
- Reduce sebum, degreasing
Antiseborrheic
What active ingredient is this describing?
- Keratolytic & keratoplastic
- Mild follicular flushing
- Not a good Degreaser
Sulphur
What active ingredient is this describing?
- Keratolytic (remove excess build-up)
- Act synergistically
- Usually, come together
Salicylic Acid
What active ingredient is this describing?
- Keratolytic
- Follicular flushing (Demodex)
- Degreasing - “seborrhea oleosa”
- Can bleach hair, cloth, furniture
Benzoyl peroxide 2.5 - 3%
What active ingredient is this describing?
- Keratolytic & Keratoplastic
- Very degreasing - soborrhea oleosa
- Not a veterinary product
- May be toxic in CATS
Selenium sulfide
What active ingredient is this describing?
- Keratolytic
- apply twice a day until resolution of the clinical signs, then decrease frequency to once day or less
Salicylic Acid Gel 6.6%
What active ingredient is this describing?
- Restructure stratum corneum
- Control sebum production
- Control microbial flora
- Moisturizes
Ceramides/Fatty acids
- HyLyt bath oil (Bayer)
- fatty acids - DermAllay spray (Dechra)
- oatmeal, safflower oil, ceramide
What are these?
Moisturizers
Bacterial Infections:
What is the most common pathogen?
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Bacterial Infections:
What is the most common clinical presentation?
superficial pyoderma
Antibacterial Therapy:
- Chlorhexidine
- Benzoyl Peroxide (anti-bacterial effects)
- Ethyl Lactate (anti-bacterial effects)
- Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
These are found in the form of what?
Shampoo/mousse/wipes
Antibacterial Therapy:
- Silver sulfadianzine
- Medical-grade honey
- Mupirocin (anti-bacterial)
These are found in the form of what?
Ointment/Cream
Antifungal Therapy:
Name the Azoles
- Miconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Climbazol
Antifungal Therapy:
Name the Allylamines
- Terbinafine
- Naftifine
Acts by damaging the outer cell wall, causing the bacteria to become more permeable to the antimicrobial agents that act intracellularly
Tromethamine-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (TrisEDTA)
Tris-EDTA is an effective _____________ agent in vitro
antibiofilm
(T/F) It has been shown to enhance the efficacy of marbofloxacin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
True
Treatment for Bacterial Infections:
- Antimicrobial with a broad spectrum
- Gram +/-
- Malassezia (yeast)
- Concentration 2 -4%
- Well tolerated
- Over 24h persistence
- Not drying
Chlorhexidine
What is the following describing?
- Bactericidal effect by disrupting the bacterial membrane, leading to impaired cellular exchanges and precipitation of nucleic acid
- Fungistatic effect against Malassezia
Chlorhexidine
- Antibacterial
- Keratolytic
- Follicular flushing**
- Degreasing - s. oleosa
- Can bleach hair, furniture
This is:
Benzoyl Peroxide
- if the skin is NOT oily, it won’t provide the best effects
- Antibacterial activity from the lowered skin pH
- It is hydrolyzed in the skin to ethanol and lactic acid, lowering the skin’s pH
This is:
Ethyl lactate 10%
- Antibacterial and antifungal
- Silver acts on cell membrane
- Inhibit protein synthesis
This is:
Silver sulfadiazine
- can be used close to eye
For Bacterial Infections:
- High osmolality
- Release of oxygen compounds
- Lower skin pH
Medical grade honey
(T/F) The efficacy of manuka honey is affected by antibiotic resistance
False, it is not affected by antibiotic resistance
- Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis
- Effective for Staphylococcus infections
- Effective against most strains of Methicillin-Resistant S. pseudintemedius (MRSP)
This is:
Mupirocin
- doesn’t intefior with healing
- Inhibit wall formation
- Bactericidal agent
- Decreases skin inflammation
This is:
Sodium hypochlorite
- very irritant to the eye
What are clinical signs for yeast infections?
- Erythema
- Brownish discoloration
- Itchiness
- Oily skin
- As adjunctive therapy for dermatophytosis and Malassezia dermatitis
- As an alternative to systemic treatment in some cases of Malassezia dermatitis
Antifungal Shampoos
Antifungal Active Ingredients:
- inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes
Azoles
Antifungal Active Ingredients:
- Inhibit the synthesis of Lanosterol
Allylamines
Antifungal treatments:
- Miconazole 2%
- Chlorhexidine/miconazole/climbazole/ketocconazole
Antifungal Shampoos
Antifungal treatments:
- Antifungal
- Antibacterial
- Antiparasitic (superficial mites)
Lime Sulfur
- stinky
- Skin inflammation
- Pruritus
- Defective skin barrier function
- Secondary bacterial and yeast infections*
Allergies
Pramoxine 1% - topical anesthetic used for…
- doesn’t last very long
Inflammation/Pruritis
Oatmeal is used for…
Inflammation/Pruritis
Corticosteroids are used for…
Inflammation/Pruritis
Topical Corticosteroids can be divided into:
a. Low potency
b. Intermediate
c. High potency
Hydrocortisone is…
a. Low potency
Topical Corticosteroids can be divided into:
a. Low potency
b. Intermediate
c. High potency
Prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone are…
b. Intermediate
Topical Corticosteroids can be divided into:
a. Low potency
b. Intermediate
c. High potency
Betamethasone, and fluocinolone are …
c. High potency
(T/F) When starting corticosteroid treatment, start with an intermediate or high-potency corticosteroid
True, switch to a low potency one for long term use
Corticosteroids:
- For long-term use
- No more than 2 times a week
Hydrocortisone
(T/F) Azoles (miconazole, climbazol, ketoconazole) and allylamines (terbinafine) can be used topically to treat yeast (Malassezia) infections
True
Both_________ and essetial fatty acids improve the skin barrier function
Ceramides
