Module 1 MiniModule 1: Introduction and Clinical Manifestations of Cutaneous Disease: Skin Lesions Flashcards
Which lesions are primary dermatologic lesions?
- Macule/patch
- Papule/plaque
- Pustule
- Vesicle/bulla
- Wheal/angioedema
- Nodule or mass
- Cyst
Which lesions are secondary dermatologic lesions?
- Excoriation
- Epidermal collarette
- Erosion/ulcer
- Scar
- Fissure
- Lichenification
- Callus
Lesion Description:
The initial eruption that develops spontaneously as a direct reflection of the underlying disease
Primary Lesion
Lesion Description:
- Evolve from primary lesion
- induced by patient
- External factors
Secondary Lesion
List the lesions that may be primary or secondary:
- Alopecia
- Scale
- Crust
- Follicular casts
- Comedo
- Circumscribed non-palpable spot (NOT RAISED)
- Hyperpigmentation (Melanin)
- Depigmentation
- Erythema - dilated vessels
- Hemorrhage
- Petechia: 1-3 mm
- Purpura: 3-10 mm
- Echymoses: > 10 mm
What is this describing?
Macule/Patch
What is the size of a Macule?
equal or less than 1 cm
What is the size of a Patch?
greater than 1 cm
Definition:
Is a test for blanchability performed by applying pressure with a finger or glass slide and observing color changes
Diascopy
(if it blanches it has erythema)
- Small palpable solid elevation of the skin
- less or equal to 1 cm
- Epidermal (hyperplasia)
- Dermal (edema, cells)
What is this describing?
Papule
- greater than 1 cm
- Larger, FLAT-topped elevation
- Formed by the extension or coalition of papules
What is this describing?
Plaque
- Small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis that is filled with pus (inflammatory cells)
- Follicular/interfollicular
What is this describing?
Pustule
- Sharpley demarcated elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid or blood
What is this describing?
- Vesicle: less or equal to 1 cm
- Bulla: greater to 1 cm
- Sharply circumscribed, raised lesion (epidermis/dermis) consisting of edema
- Usually disappears within minutes/hours
- Blanch on diascopy
What is this describing?
Wheals (urticaria, hives)
- Involves deep dermis + subcutis -> large diffuse edema
What is this describing?
Angioedema
- Circumscribed solid elevation > 1 cm
- Extends into the dermis, SQ
- May drain
- Mass (>2 cm) larger than nodule
What is this describing?
Nodule or Mass
- Smooth, round, circumscribed fluctuant to solid mass with hollow lumen containing fluid to semi-solid material
- Epithelial-lined
- Follicular
- Glandular
What is this describing?
Cyst
What is the most common reason we see alopecia?
Self-trauma pruritis
What is a reason, other than self-trauma pruritis, to have alopecia?
Folliculitis
(secondary lesion)
What can be a primary cause of alopecia?
Hair Cycle Arrest
Dermatologic Lesion description:
An accumulation of loose fragments of the cornified layer of the skin
Scale
Dermatologic Lesion description:
Dried pus or scale adherent to the skin surface
Crust
Dermatologic Lesion description:
Accumulation of keratin and follicular material that adheres to the hair shaft extending above the surface of the follicular ostia
Follicular Cast
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material
- “Blackhead”
Comedo
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Special type of scale arranged in a circular rim of loose keratin
- Remnants of the roof of a vesicle, bulla, pustule, or papule
Epidermal Collarette
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Shallow epidermal defect
- Does not penetrate the basement membrane zone
- Heals without scarring
Erosion
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Defect penetrates the BMZ exposing the dermis
- Heals with scarring
Ulcer
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Area of fibrous tissue that has replaced damaged dermis or SQ
- Skin is contracted
- Depressed lesion
- Non-pigmented
Scar
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Linear cleavage into the epidermis, or through the epidermis into the dermis
- Disease or Injury
Fissure
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Thickening and hardening of the skin characterized by an exaggeration of the superficial skin markings
- May be hyperpigmented
- Friction /trauma/prurituss
Lichenification
Dermatologic Lesion description:
- Localized, hyperplastic skin reaction
- Secondary to trauma, pressure, or friction
- Common in dogs
Callus
