Module 1 MiniModule 2: Structure and Function Flashcards
- Very common change, secondary to bacterial pyoderma, trauma (licking/itching), and any other inflammatory disease
- Clinically, this is represented by the thickening of the skin
- if severe, termed “lichenification”
This is known as?
Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum = Acanthosis*
- Clinically, this is represented by “flaking” (scaling)
- Hyperkeratosis commonly occurs concurrently with acanthosis
This is known as?
Hyperplasia of stratum corneum = Hyperkeratosis
Definition:
Intra-epidermal cavitation containing inflammatory cells (usually neutrophils)
Pustules
When pustules rupture they rapidly progress to ________
Crusts (scabs)
What is a common pustular disease?
Bacterial Pyoderma
(T/F) Pustular diseases are presumed to be infectious (e.g. bacterial) until proven otherwise
True
Disorder of the stratum spinosum:
Cleavage of desmosomes (keeping cells adhered to each other) results in loss of cell-cell adhesion
- This process is called acantholysis (acantholytic cells)
Pemphigus Complex
Disorder of the stratum spinosum:
What is the most common cutaneous immune-mediated disease?
Pemphigus foliaceus
Definition:
- Immune-mediated damage of cell-cell junction (desmosomes)
- Loss of cell-cell adhesion due to auto-antibody-mediated damage
Pemphigus foliaceus
Definition:
Immune-mediated damage to suprabasilar cell-cell junction
Pemphigus vulgaris (VERY RARE)
(T/F) Bacterial pyoderma and folliculitis are common causes of skin pustules
True
How would you clinically/diagnostically differentiate pemphigus foliaceus from bacterial dermatitis (pyoderma)?
Bacterial pyoderma: bacteria present
Pemphigus foliaceus: Acantholytic keratinocytes present within pustules and/or crusts
Disorder of melanogenesis definition:
Increased melanin synthesis
Hyperpigmentation
- Chronic irritation, infection, and/or inflammation (focal to multifocal)
- Chronic systemic endocrine disease
These are the causes of?
Hyperpigmentation
Disorder of melanogenesis definition:
- Destruction of the epidermal-melanocyte units - autoimmune, inflammatory disease, neoplasia (lymphoma)
- Cu deficiency
Hypopigmentation (or depigmentation)
- Defect in collagen production, quality, or packaging
- This abnormality leads to excessively friable or stretchable dermal collagen
This is describing?
Skin fragility syndrome
(T/F) Follicular dysplasia, follicular atrophy, and abnormal growth can all result in the clinical presentation of alopecia
True
Disorders of the follicle definition:
Abnormal formation
Follicular dysplasia
Disorders of the follicle definition:
Genetic, ischemic, trauma, inflammation
Follicular atrophy
Disorders of the follicle definition:
endocrine, nutritional, metabolic
Abnormal growth
Disorders of the follicle definition:
Inflammation of the follicle
Folliculitits
Disorders of the follicle definition:
Folliculitis leading to rupture of the follicle
Furunculosis
What is a “Key clinical question”?
Is the alopecia due to inflammation or licking, or is it “non-inflammatory”
What is the most common disorder of glands?
Neoplasms
What is the epidermal cell layer responsible for keratinocyte proliferation in tissue repair?
Stratum basale
What is the protein structure that attaches the epidermis (stratum basale) to the basement membrane?
Hemidesmosomes
Excessive stratum corneum is called hyperkeratosis. what is the clinical term for hyperkeratosis?
Scaling
Acntholytic cells (rounded keratinocytes within pustules) are associated with which immune-mediated disease?
Pemphigus foliaceus
Is hyperpigmentation typically an acute or chronic process?
Chronic
What is the primary structural protein present in the dermis?
Collagen
What is a benign tumor of sebaceous glands called?
sebaceous adenoma
What are glands that are modified sebaceous glands located within the tail, prepuce, and perineal skin?
Hepatoid (perianal)
