Module 1 MiniModule 2: Structure and Function

Question 1

• Very common change, secondary to bacterial pyoderma, trauma (licking/itching), and any other inflammatory disease
• Clinically, this is represented by the thickening of the skin
  - if severe, termed “lichenification”

This is known as?

Answer 1

Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum = Acanthosis*

Question 2

• Clinically, this is represented by “flaking” (scaling)
• Hyperkeratosis commonly occurs concurrently with acanthosis

This is known as?

Answer 2

Hyperplasia of stratum corneum = Hyperkeratosis

Question 3

Definition:
Intra-epidermal cavitation containing inflammatory cells (usually neutrophils)

Answer 3

Pustules

Question 4

When pustules rupture they rapidly progress to ________

Answer 4

Crusts (scabs)

Question 5

What is a common pustular disease?

Answer 5

Bacterial Pyoderma

Question 6

(T/F) Pustular diseases are presumed to be infectious (e.g. bacterial) until proven otherwise

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Disorder of the stratum spinosum:
Cleavage of desmosomes (keeping cells adhered to each other) results in loss of cell-cell adhesion
- This process is called acantholysis (acantholytic cells)

Answer 7

Pemphigus Complex

Question 8

Disorder of the stratum spinosum:
What is the most common cutaneous immune-mediated disease?

Answer 8

Pemphigus foliaceus

Question 9

Definition:
- Immune-mediated damage of cell-cell junction (desmosomes)
- Loss of cell-cell adhesion due to auto-antibody-mediated damage

Answer 9

Pemphigus foliaceus

Question 10

Definition:
Immune-mediated damage to suprabasilar cell-cell junction

Answer 10

Pemphigus vulgaris (VERY RARE)

Question 11

(T/F) Bacterial pyoderma and folliculitis are common causes of skin pustules

Answer 11

True

Question 12

How would you clinically/diagnostically differentiate pemphigus foliaceus from bacterial dermatitis (pyoderma)?

Answer 12

Bacterial pyoderma: bacteria present
Pemphigus foliaceus: Acantholytic keratinocytes present within pustules and/or crusts

Question 13

Disorder of melanogenesis definition:
Increased melanin synthesis

Answer 13

Hyperpigmentation

Question 14

• Chronic irritation, infection, and/or inflammation (focal to multifocal)
• Chronic systemic endocrine disease

These are the causes of?

Answer 14

Hyperpigmentation

Question 15

Disorder of melanogenesis definition:
- Destruction of the epidermal-melanocyte units - autoimmune, inflammatory disease, neoplasia (lymphoma)
- Cu deficiency

Answer 15

Hypopigmentation (or depigmentation)

Question 16

• Defect in collagen production, quality, or packaging
• This abnormality leads to excessively friable or stretchable dermal collagen

This is describing?

Answer 16

Skin fragility syndrome

Question 17

(T/F) Follicular dysplasia, follicular atrophy, and abnormal growth can all result in the clinical presentation of alopecia

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Disorders of the follicle definition:
Abnormal formation

Answer 18

Follicular dysplasia

Question 19

Disorders of the follicle definition:
Genetic, ischemic, trauma, inflammation

Answer 19

Follicular atrophy

Question 20

Disorders of the follicle definition:
endocrine, nutritional, metabolic

Answer 20

Abnormal growth

Question 21

Disorders of the follicle definition:
Inflammation of the follicle

Answer 21

Folliculitits

Question 22

Disorders of the follicle definition:
Folliculitis leading to rupture of the follicle

Answer 22

Furunculosis

Question 23

What is a “Key clinical question”?

Answer 23

Is the alopecia due to inflammation or licking, or is it “non-inflammatory”

Question 24

What is the most common disorder of glands?

Answer 24

Neoplasms

Question 25

What is the epidermal cell layer responsible for keratinocyte proliferation in tissue repair?

Answer 25

Stratum basale

Question 26

What is the protein structure that attaches the epidermis (stratum basale) to the basement membrane?

Answer 26

Hemidesmosomes

Question 27

Excessive stratum corneum is called hyperkeratosis. what is the clinical term for hyperkeratosis?

Answer 27

Scaling

Question 28

Acntholytic cells (rounded keratinocytes within pustules) are associated with which immune-mediated disease?

Answer 28

Pemphigus foliaceus

Question 29

Is hyperpigmentation typically an acute or chronic process?

Answer 29

Chronic

Question 30

What is the primary structural protein present in the dermis?

Answer 30

Collagen

Question 31

What is a benign tumor of sebaceous glands called?

Answer 31

sebaceous adenoma

Question 32

What are glands that are modified sebaceous glands located within the tail, prepuce, and perineal skin?

Answer 32

Hepatoid (perianal)