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Integumentary Sys > Module 1 MiniModule 4: Microbiology of the Skin and Ears > Flashcards

Module 1 MiniModule 4: Microbiology of the Skin and Ears Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal microbiota?

A

Microorganisms that live (reside, multiply) in different body sites of an individual

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2
Q

Which are the most common bacteria isolated from the skin of a dog?

A
  • Staphylococcus spp (gram +)
    - S. pseudintermedius*
    - S. schleiferi
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3
Q

(T/F) Pyogranulomatous infections are difficult to diagnose and treat

A

True

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4
Q

List examples of normal microbiota found in the skin of dogs:

A
  • Staphylococcus spp
  • Malassezia spp
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5
Q

Definition:
Microorganisms that colonize the host for short periods of time

A

Transient Microbiota
- usually don’t reproduce in the host
- usually eliminated by host
- usually do not persist for a long defenses

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6
Q

List examples of environmental microorganisms:

A
  • Pseudomonas spp
  • Aspergillus spp (tends to be a transient microorganism)
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7
Q

Definition:
Organisms that can become pathogenic following a perturbation to their host (e.g., disease, wound, medication, prior infection, immunodeficiency, and aging)

A

Opportunistic Microorganisms

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8
Q

(T/F) Transient and/or normal microbiota can NOT become “opportunistic” pathogens

A

False, they can become opportunistic pathogens

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9
Q

Definition:
It is typically used to differentiate S. aureus from other Gram + cocci

A

Coagulase Test

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10
Q

The following are examples of ….
- S. aureus
- S. intermedius Group (SIG)
- S. schleiferi

A

Pathogenic Staphylococcus

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11
Q

The following are examples of …
- S. epidermidis
- S. xylosis
- S. warneri

A

Non-pathogenic Staphylococcus

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12
Q

In what species is S. aureus considered a normal microbiota?

A

Humans
- A high % of humans are colonized

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13
Q

In animals, S. aureus is most likely considered a __________ microbiota

A

Transient
- dogs will spontaneously decolonize S. aureus (2-3 weeks)

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14
Q

(T/F) Staphylococcus pseudintermedius can become pathogenic

A

True, this is due to virulence factors

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15
Q

The following clinical signs are associated with …
- pyogenic bacteria
- wound infections
- respiratory disease: pneumonia
- joint infections

A

Streptococcus spp (Gram +)
- Beta-hemolytic (S. canis, S. equi subsp zooepidemicus)

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16
Q
  • Gram-negative bacilli, found in the environment
  • Superficial - deep infections - wound infections in humans and many animal species
  • When clinically important, it is difficult to treat -> Multidrug-resistant (antimicrobial) ** important to know **
  • Many virulence factors. Produce pyocyanin pigment -> green color
  • Biofilm

This is describing what?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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17
Q

Other Gram-negative “rods”:
Normal microbiota (commensal) of the oral and nasal mucosal surfaces

A

Pasteurella spp

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18
Q

Other Gram-negative “rods”:
Several members of this group are normal microbiota (commensal) in the intestine of animals and humans

A

Enterobacterales
- E. coli
- Proteus spp
- Klebsiella spp
- Enterobacter spp

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19
Q

Definition:
An infection confined to the superficial portion of the hair follicle (superficial skin infection)

A

Superficial pyoderma (bacterial folliculitis)
- Etiology: S. pseudintermedius

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20
Q

List the Clinical Signs for Superficial Pyoderma in dogs:

A
  • Erythematous papules
  • Pustules
  • Variable:
    - Crusts
    - Papules
    - Alopecia
21
Q

What would be the best diagnosis for Superficial pyoderma in dogs?

A
  • Cytology *
  • Culture & Susceptibility
22
Q

Definition:
Refers to diffuse infection and inflammation along tissue planes (going a bit deeper into the skin)

A

Cellulitis
- Etiology: Pasteurella multocida, S. pseudintermedius

23
Q

What is the spp most commonly associated with cat scratch cellulitis?

A

Pasteurella multocida

24
Q

List the signs of Deep pyoderma:

A
  • Hemorrhagic bulla, draining sinuses, ulcers, edema, and severe inflammation
  • Hemorrhagic and/or purulent discharge
  • Pain
  • Etiology: S. pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
25
Q

Definition:
- Rapid & progressive necrotizing infection of the skin, soft tissue, and deep fascia
- Uncommon
- Reported in humans, dogs, and cats

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

26
Q

The following clinical signs described …
- Lethargy, fever
- Soft tissue inflammation
- Extremely painful
- Epidermis may look normal
- May extend to deeper tissues and bone -> shock, CID, death

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

27
Q

What is the etiology of Necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • Streptococcus canis (group G)
  • Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
28
Q

List the most common pathogenic microorganisms causing otitis in dogs:

A
  • S. pseudintermedius
  • P. aeruginosa (greenish mucopurulent secretion)
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Malassezia pachydermatis
29
Q

Definition:
- A tumor in which polymorphonuclear cells have invaded an inflammation consisting of mononuclear cells
- non-degradable products can be foreign bodies and/or microorganisms, specifically bacteria and fungi

A

Pyogranuloma

30
Q

List the etiology of Pyogranuloma:

A
  • Actinomyces spp
  • Nocardia spp
  • Mycobacterium spp
  • Corynebacterium spp
    (all of these bacteria are Gram-positive “Rods”)
31
Q

Definition:
Coryneform bacteria are normal microbiota of the skin and other mucosal membranes

A

Corynebacterium spp

32
Q

Caseous lymphangitis and Ulcerative lymphangitis (Pigeon fever) are under …

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

33
Q
  • Non-healing, granulomatous, or cutaneous abscesses
  • With the most common being:
    - C. auriscanis
    - C. ulcerans
    What is this describing?
A

Corynebacterium spp (Gram +)

34
Q
  • Normal oral microbiota
  • Strict or facultative anaerobes (anaerobic culture)
  • Example: Lumpy jaw (bovine)

What is this describing?

A

Actinomyces spp (Gram +)
- Actinomyces bovis
- A. canis
A. viscosus

35
Q
  • The bacteria are ubiquitous (found everywhere) -> soil, water, environment
  • Obligate aerobes
  • Example: Mastitis (in the US)

What is this describing?

A

Nocardia spp (Gram +)
- Bovine nocardiosis
- N. asteroids

36
Q

Definition:
The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but the bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

37
Q

Uncultivable Mycobacteria:
Nodules of the skin and/or subcutis (which tend towards ulceration) on the head and/or forelimbs

A

M. lepraemurium also known as Feline leprosy

38
Q

Uncultivable Mycobacteria:
Nodular granulomatous to pyogranulomatous lesions in the skin and/or subcutis

A

Canine leproid granuloma

39
Q

Fungus, Yeast:
Otitis externa & seborrheic dermatitis

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

40
Q

Fungus, Yeast:
Occasionally, subcutaneous granulomas often in the cervical regions

A

Cryptococcus

41
Q

** Don’t need to know for Exam 1 **
Definition:
fungi that have a yeast (or yeast-like) phase and a mold (filamentous) phase

A

Dimorphic fungi

42
Q

** Don’t need to know for Exam 1 **
Dimorphic fungi:
Subcutaneous nodules, lymphatics

A

Sporothrix

43
Q

** Don’t need to know for Exam 1 **
Dimorphic fungi:
Primary lesions in lungs, but metastases to skin and other organs

A
  • Blastomyces
  • Coccidioides
44
Q

** Don’t need to know for Exam 1 **
Dimorphic fungi:
Subcutaneous nodules, lymph nodes

A

Histoplasma

45
Q

List the options when requesting a lab test:

A
  • Aerobic culture
  • Anaerobic culture: Actinomyces spp
  • Mycology culture
  • Mycobacterium culture
  • Stains (Gram-stain, Acid-fast)
  • PCR -> Nocardia, Mycobacterium, fungus
46
Q

Which lab test is the following:
- Used to differentiate Gram-positive rods
- if positive: Mycobacterium and Nocardia

A

Acid-fast

47
Q

What is in the mouth’s normal microbiota in mammals and can cause pyogranulomas?

A

Actinomyces spp.

48
Q

Which of the following Gram neg. “rod” is not a normal microbiota in the intestine of animals and humans?
a. E. coli
b. Pasturella spp
c. Prouteus spp
d. Klebsilla spp
e. Enterobacter spp

A

b, Pasturella spp, because this is a normal microbiota of the ORAL and NASAL mucosal surface

Integumentary Sys (6 decks)

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