Module 1: Lesson 7 - Conditionals Flashcards
What are conditionals, and how many are there?
Describes the result of a certain condition.
There are four main conditional forms: Zero, First, Second, Third.
Zero: facts & general truths
First: likely or probable situations in present, future
Second: unlikely or imaginary situations in the present, future
Third: imaginary situations in the past (where opposite happened), expresses regret
Explain what conditionals are made up of, and what are the two parts called?
Clauses (a group of words that includes a subject and a verb).
Condition: refers to what must happen for the result to be possible.
Result: refers to what will occur if the condition is met.
If she does this, that will happen.
Explain the zero conditional form with an example.
We use the zero conditional to talk about general truths and facts (things that are always true).
Example: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
Explain the first conditional form with an example.
Talks about real situations and their future possible results.
These situations could be very possible, mostly possible or a little possible - the most important thing is that they are NOT impossible or very unlikely.
Example: If it rains this weekend, I will stay at home.
Explain the second conditional form with an example.
Talks about imaginary or unlikely situations in the present/future.
Used with situations that have a really low chance of happening.
Example: If I won the lottery, I’d travel the world.
Explain the third conditional form with an example.
We use this conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past (the opposite of what really happened).
This conditional is often used when expressing regrets, and it is the only conditional which talks about the past.
Example: If I hadn’t started this TEFL course, I wouldn’t have learned so much about tenses in English.
Name and explain two voices that are used when constructing sentences.
Active voice: when we know who/what the subject of the sentence is and place focus on that.
Passive voice: where we don’t know who the subject of the sentence is or it’s simply not important - focus is on what happened.
A: The boy fixed the bicycle.
P: The bicycle was fixed by the boy.
Name 5 ways in which the passive voice can be used in a sentence.
- We are more interested in “what happened” than the person who did the action.
- To talk about certain events in history.
- To describe a process.
- In general statements (e.g. by people in general).
- When a product becomes the key focus, as in advertising.
- I’m afraid the office hasn’t been cleaned.
- The television was invented in the 1920s.
- Wood is used for making paper.
- Coke is drunk all over the world.
- Our sportswear is worn by world-class athletes.
Explain the form/sentence structure of the passive voice.
Subject + “to be” (in the corresponding tense) + verb (past participle)
Shoes (subject) are (to be) produced (verb) by men in a warehouse.
Name 4 uses of modal verbs.
Determines:
Ability (can)
Permission (can?)
Obligation (must)
Deduction (may)
