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CMN571 > Module 1 General > Flashcards

Module 1 General Flashcards

1
Q

Primary prevention of disease

A

We are able to stop a disease or injury prior to occurrence (most cost-effective)

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2
Q

Secondary prevention of disease

A

We impact a disease that has already occurred, sometimes providing cures (to minimize impact)
-early detection of the potential for development of a disease or condition, or the existence of a disease while asymptomatic

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3
Q

Tertiary prevention of disease

A

We manage disease that is chronic in order for it not to progress or worsen (to minimize the impact of a disease)

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4
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

tight frenum
-feeding problems including difficulty latching or pain during nursing

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5
Q

Teeth eruption

A

-primary teeth A-T: around 7MO but may appear as early as 3-4MO and as late as 12-16MO
-complete set of permanent teeth (with exception of third molars) = have adolescent dentition

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6
Q

Oral Hygiene

A

-Help brush and floss from tooth eruption to 8yrs old

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7
Q

What is most effective in caries prevention?

A

Fluoride

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8
Q

How many times a day to brush teeth?

A

Twice

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9
Q

Fluoride varnish for high-risk population

A

aids in reducing dental caries among vulnerable children
-Dry teeth with gauze before application with small brush
-Instruct caregiver not to brush or floss or give soft foods until next morning to allow it to be absorbed into enamel

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10
Q

PKU Screening

A

Phenylketouria: autosomal recessive trait; prevalence is 1:10,000 caucasian live births
-Developed by elevated phenylalanine levels from normal neonate diet –> if untreated, severe intellectual disability, hyperactivity, seizures, a light complexion, and eczema
-Initial screening must take place within 1st MO. Thus, initial screening = ALL infants during 1st few days of life. Second screening necessary when newborn screened before 24hours of age and should be completed by second week of life
*Tx: reduce phenylalanine levels to <360 via dietary restriction. Must continue this diet throughout life.

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11
Q

Hypothyroidism congenital screening

A

-If left untreated, can lead to severe neurocognitive impairment
-Screened shortly after birth (T4 or TSH levels)
-Administer levothyroxine 10-15mcg ASAP
-If therapy initiated within 1 month of age, prognosis is good for neurocognitive ability
-Monitor levels with total T4 or FT4 concentration for initial therapy to ensure adequacy of tx

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12
Q

Sickle Cell Disease Screening

A

-Hemolysis and marked reduction in RBC lifespan, increases thickness of blood, and predisposes to inflammation, coagulation activation, and vaso-occlusion
-1:4000 African American, 1:1200 Hispanic
-IEF or HPLC determine severity of sickle cell: results indicative of possible sickle cell disease require prompt confirmation no later than 2MO of age
-Sickle cell anemia: HgbS, F, A2; Sickle cell trait: Hgb FAS (A>S)
-Hemoglobin electrophoresis (confirmatory testing) is REQUIRED
-Infants with sickle cell anemia should get prophylactic penicillin starting by age 2mO; pneumococcal immunization at recommended intervals

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13
Q

Rear-facing only carseat
-weight
-length

A

-22-25lbs
-26-35”

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14
Q

Rear-facing convertible
-weight
-how many point harness?
-age until forward facing?

A

-40-50lbs, 5 point harness equipped
-2 years old until forward facing

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15
Q

Booster seat use

A

-Use until vehicle seat belt fits properly, typically when they have reached 4ft 9in and are 8-12 yrs old

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16
Q

Allowable width of crib bars:

A

2 3/8”

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17
Q

Infant allowable toy size

A

1 3/4” in diameter or smaller than 2 inches long = choking hazard

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18
Q

Set water heater to what temperature?

A

120F

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19
Q

Baby blues

A

May appear suddenly in 3-4 days of delivery
-extra caution in women with hx of depression
-symptoms of crying, anxiety, irritation, restlessness; impatience, extreme fatigue, difficulty sleeping, frequent mood swings, poor concentration, appetite loss, trouble making decisions, feeling inadequate
*psychosis can also develop

20
Q

Weight loss of baby after birth

A

-Should regain weight by 7-10 days after birth; should double birth weight by 6MO and triple by 1YR

21
Q

Feeding and output (breastfeed)

A

-Breastfeed 8-12x/day
-Should have 6-8 wet diapers daily
-Normal stool is yellow-green-seedy-pasty texture
-May have 3-4 stools/day or one after each feeding
-Requires vitD supplementation

22
Q

Feeding and output (formula)

A

-16-24oz/day; drinks about 2-4oz of formula every 2-4hr
-Never prop bottle; look at baby to promote bonding
-Should have 6-8 wet diapers daily
-Normal stool is yellow-brown pudding texture (may have 3-4 stools/day)
-Does not require vitD supplementation

23
Q

ABCs for baby sleep

A

A: alone
B: back
C: crib

24
Q

How long does it take for umbilical cord to fall off?

A

About 2 weeks

25
Q

How long does it take for circumcision to heal?

A

7-10 days

26
Q

How are food allergy reactions classified?

A
  1. IgE mediated: angioedema, gastrointestinal anaphylaxis, oral allergy syndrome, urticaria
  2. Non-IgE mediated: subacute, chronic symptoms that are isolated to GI tract or skin
27
Q

Who is at high risk for developing food allergy?

A

infant with severe eczema and/or egg allergy
-at risk is infant with mild or moderate eczema

28
Q

At what age should infant be exposed to peanut butter to decrease risk of peanut butter allergy?

A

6MO

29
Q

How old before feeding solids?

A

Not before 4 months (AAP recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6MO)

30
Q

Once introduced and tolerated, peanut containing foods should be eaten how often weekly?

A

3x weekly

31
Q

VIS

A

Document produced by CDC that informs vaccine recipients (or their parents or legal representatives) about the benefits and risks of a vaccine they are receiving (located on CDC website)
**Required by law
-must be given before each dose of a multi-dose series; must be given regardless of age of recipient
-MUST offer copy to take away; can be declined

32
Q

Provider responsibilities related to VIS

A

-Distribution
-Record specific info in pt’s EMR, or in permanent office log: edition date of VIS, date VIS provided, office address and name/title of person administering vaccine, date the vaccine is administered, vaccine manufacturer and lot number

33
Q

When can’t you vaccinate a child?

A

-Chronic health condition (like cancer)
-Weakened immune sx (undergoing chemotherapy or is on certain meds after transplant)
-Convulsion thought to be caused by vaccine
-Had a severe allergic rxn to previous dose of vaccine or an ingredient in a vaccine
-Rxns to a vaccine, such as fever
*You may need to wait if patient has moderate-severe illness (with or without fever) –> may need to wait until they are better; antiviral drugs (Tamiflu) might affect how body responds to some vaccines

34
Q

Active immunity: how long does it take for immunization to have onset?

A

2-4 weeks

35
Q

Duration of active immunity?

A

Years to lifetime

36
Q

Ex. children bitten by poisonous snack receives what type of immunity?

A

Passive

37
Q

Ex. infants born to mothers with HepB receive what type of immunity?

A

Passive

38
Q

Onset of passive immunity?

A

Within 24 hours of dose; duration is about 4-6 months

39
Q

What percent of population has to be vaccinated to produce herd immunity? (Each vaccine is different, but what is the generality?)

A

90-95%

40
Q

Essentials of Dx for autism spectrum disorders

A

Two core features:
1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
2. Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

41
Q

Features of ASD

A

present prior to 3 years of age, but some may not be present until social demands become greater
-typical features MUST cause “clinically significant impairment” with the social communication component impaired in comparison to the individual’s “general developmental level”

42
Q

Severity ranges of ASD

A

Level I (requiring support)
Level II (requiring substantial support)
Level III (requiring very substantial support)

43
Q

Occurrence of ASD in children

A

1 in 54, males overrepresented by about 4:1
*strong familial component: parent of 1 child with autism of unknown etiology have 7-23% chance of having 2nd child with autism, higher prevalence if 2nd child is male or affected child is female

44
Q

When do children get dx with ASD?

A

3-4YRS

45
Q

What is an important precursor to social interaction?

A

Sharing affect or enjoyment

46
Q

Tools to screen for autism

A

M-CHAT-R/F (16-30MO old, 20 yes/no questions); STAT (toddlers/young children)
-administer MCHAT at 18MO and 24-30MO

47
Q
A

CMN571 (8 decks)

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