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INORG CHEM LEC > MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF INORG CHEM > Flashcards

MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF INORG CHEM Flashcards

1
Q

the SCIENCE THAT DESCRIBES MATTER

A

CHEMISTRY

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2
Q

THE CENTRAL SCIENCE

A

CHEMISTRY

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3
Q

hydrocarbons & its derivatives

A

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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4
Q

inorganic compounds, metals, minerals

A

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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5
Q

DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION of substances present (qualitative analysis) o amount of each substance (quantitative analysis)

A

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY / MEASUREMENT SCIENCE

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6
Q

processes in living organisms

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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7
Q

behavior of matter

A

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

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8
Q

anything that HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE

A

MATTER

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9
Q

measure of the QUANTITY OF MATTER

A

MASS

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10
Q

AMOUNT OF SPACE

A

VOLUME

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11
Q

the CAPACITY TO DO WORK or TO TRANSFER HEAT

A

ENERGY

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12
Q

not considered as matter but considered as energy

A

light, sound, electricity & heat

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13
Q

energy in MOTION

A

KINETIC ENERGY

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14
Q

energy AT REST

A

POTENTIAL ENERGY

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15
Q

release heat

A

EXOTHERMIC

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16
Q

absorbs heat

A

ENDOTHERMIC

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17
Q
  • molecules PACKED CLOSE TOGETHER ORDERLY
  • rigid
A

SOLID

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18
Q
  • molecules are CLOSE BUT RANDOMLY ARRANGED
  • FLOWS and assumes shape of container
A

LIQUID

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19
Q
  • molecules are FAR APART
  • fills any container completely
  • highly compressible
  • expands indefinitely
A

GAS

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20
Q

solid to gas

A

SUBLIMATION

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21
Q

gas to solid

A

DEPOSITION

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22
Q

gas to liquid

A

CONDENSATION

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23
Q

liquid to gas

A

BOILING

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24
Q

liquid to solid

A

FREEZING

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25
Q

solid to liquid

A

MELTING

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26
Q
  • CAN BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED without changing the identity of the substance
A

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

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27
Q
  • exhibited by matter as it UNDERGOES CHANGES in composition
A

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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28
Q

dependent on the amount of substance

A

EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

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29
Q
  • INDEPENDENT on the amount of substance
A

INTENSIVE PROPERTIES

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30
Q
  • ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES are used up
  • one or more new substances are formed,
  • energy is absorbed or released
  • IRREVERSIBLE
A

CHEMICAL CHANGE

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31
Q
  • NO CHANGE in chemical composition
  • REVERSIBLE
A

PHYSICAL CHANGE

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32
Q
  • variable composition
  • MAY BE SEPARATED into pure substances by physical methods
A

MIXTURE

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33
Q
  • FIXED COMPOSITION
  • CANNOT BE SEPARATED into simpler substances by physical methods
A

PURE SUBSTANCE

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34
Q
  • COMPONENTS ARE NOT DISTINGUISHABLE
  • have SAME COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT
A

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

35
Q
  • COMPONENTS ARE DISTINGUISHABLE
  • do NOT have same composition throughout
A

HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE

36
Q
  • CAN BE DECOMPOSED INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCE by chemical changes
  • consists of TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT elements bound together
37
Q
  • CANNOT BE DECOMPOSED TO SIMPLER SUBSTANCE by chemical changes
  • consists of ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM
38
Q

MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT

39
Q

most abundant element in universe

40
Q

most abundant element in atmosphere

41
Q

the SMALLEST UNIT that retains the properties of an element

42
Q

all matter is composed of atoms and these cannot be made or destroyed

THEORY

A

DALTON’S THEORY

43
Q

the NUMBER OF PROTONS in the nucleus of an atom DETERMINES ITS IDENTITY; this number is known as _________

A

ATOMIC NUMBER

44
Q

the _______ of an atom is the SUM of the number of PROTONS and the number of NEUTRONS in its nucleus.

A

MASS NUMBER

45
Q

MASS NUMBER FORMULA

A

ATOMIC + NEUTRON

46
Q
  • atoms of the SAME ELEMENT with DIFFERENT MASSES
  • SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT numbers of NEUTRONS
47
Q

represents the composition of the nucleus

A

NUCLIDE SYMBOL

48
Q

HOW TO GET NEUTRONS

A

MASS - ATOMIC NO.

49
Q

same mass, different atomic no.

50
Q

same neutrons, different atomic no.

51
Q

iso means

52
Q

the WEIGHTED AVERAGE of the masses of its isotopes

A

ATOMIC WEIGHT

53
Q

greek word ATOMUS

A

uncuttable

54
Q

atom as SOLID INDIVISIBLE SPHERE

A

LEUCIPPUS AND DEMOCRITUS

55
Q

matter is made up of FOUR ELEMENTS

A

ARISTOTLE AND OTHERS

56
Q
  • SOLID SPHERE (BILLIARD BALL) MODEL
  • atom as solid sphere but NOT INDIVISIBLE
  • he believed that there are components inside an atom, pero ndi niya alam kung ano yon
A

JOHN DALTON

57
Q

elements of a chemical compound are HELD TOGETHER BY ELECTRICAL FORCES

A

HUMPHRY DAVY

58
Q

relationship between the AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY USED in electrolysis and the AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL REACTION that occurs

A

MICHAEL FARADAY

59
Q

Electrons -> electric ions

A

GEORGE STONEY

60
Q
  • CATHODE-RAY TUBE EXPERIMENT
  • MOST CONVINCING EVIDENCE of electrons
  • PLUM PUDDING MODEL
  • like raisins on the bread; nakakalat ang atom
A

JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON

61
Q
  • OIL DROP EXPERIMENT
  • determine the charge of electrons
A

ROBERT MILLIKAN

62
Q
  • SATURN LIKE MODEL
A

HANTARO NAGAOKA

63
Q

CANAL RAYS EXPERIMENT
- cathode-ray tube also generates a STREAM OF POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES
- proves the existence of protons

A

EUGEN GOLDSTEIN

64
Q

THE SCATTERING EXPERIMENT
- the particles PASSED THROUGH the foil with LITTLE TO NO deflection
- atoms consist of very small particles, very dense POSITIVELY CHARGED NUCLEI surrounded by clouds of electrons at relatively large distance from the nuclei
- HINDI NAKAKALAT ANG ATOMS
- protons sa center called nucleus

A

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

65
Q

studies XRAYS given off by various elements

“the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its identity; this number is known as the atomic number of that element”

A

H.G.J. MOSLEY

66
Q
  • bombardment of beryllium with high-energy alpha-particles produced NEUTRONS
A

J. CHADWICK

67
Q

described the electron of a hydrogen atom as REVOLVING AROUND ITS NUCLEUS in one of a discrete set of circular orbits (energy levels/subshell)

A

NEILS BOHR

68
Q
  • each orbit corresponds to a DEFINITE ENERGY LEVEL for the electron
A

BOHR’S PLANETARY MODEL

69
Q

proposed the idea of WAVE-LIKE NATURE of electrons

  • UNPREDICTABEL ang location ng electrons
A

LOUIS DE BROGLI

70
Q
  • NOT POSSIBLE to determine exact momentum and the exact potion at the same moment in time
  • dahil raw wave-like motion ay halos imposible na malocate ang electrons
A

WERNER HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

71
Q

it ESTIMATES POSITION of electrons and quantifies energy levels

sa kaniya, possible malaman ang location because of the wave equation

A

ERWIN SCHRODINGER’S WAVE EQUATION

72
Q

a REGION OF SPACE in which the probability of finding an electron is HIGH

A

ATOMIC ORBITALS

73
Q

ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

A

ERWIN SCHRODINGER

74
Q

angular quantum number is also known as

75
Q

specific orbital
orientation in space of the orbital

A

MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER

76
Q

direction of spin

A

SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER

77
Q
  • distribution of electrons
  • describes the arrangement of electrons in orbitals, subshells, shells in an atom
A

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

78
Q

atom in ITS LOWEST ENERGY, OR UNEXCITED state

A

GROUND STATE

79
Q

Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest

A

AUFBAU PRINCIPLE

80
Q

NO MORE THAN TWO electrons can occupy each orbital, and if two electrons are present, they must have opposite spins.

A

PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

81
Q

electrons are placed singly into the boxes before filling them with both electrons

a single electron will occupy an empty orbital first before pairing

A

HUND’S RULE

82
Q

an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the LAST NOBLE GAS prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons.

A

NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATION

INORG CHEM LEC (8 decks)

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