Module 1 - Bones and Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
what are the three components of the hip bone
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
list the 3 structural types of joints
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
list the 3 functional classifications of a joint
- synarthroses (immovable)
- amphiarthoses (slightly moveable)
- diarthoses (freely moveable)
list the characteristics of a fibrous joint
- fibrous connective tissue
- no joint cavity
list the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint
- articulating bones united by cartilage
- no joint cavity
- almost immovable
list the key features of the synovial joint
- articular capsule
- synovial fluid
- reinforcing ligaments
- nerves and blood vessels
list the additional features of a synovial joint
- fat pads
- articular discs (menisci)
synovial joint feature - articular capsule
encloses joint cavity
2 layers:
1. external fibrous layer - strengthens joint
2. Inner synovial membrane - covers all joint surfaces that aren’t hyaline cartilage and makes synovial fluid
function of synovial fluid
- fills space between joint capsule
- reduces friction between cartilage
synovial joint feature - nerve and blood vessels
- supply of sensory neurons for proprioception and pain
- supply go blood for synovial membrane
Additional features of Synovial Joints - Fat Pads
- provide extra cushioning (usually between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone)
Additional features of Synovial Joints - Articular discs
fibrocartilage seperate articular surfaces and may divide joint cavity into 2
what is Bursae
fibrous sacs of synovial fluid (for when ligaments rub together)
What are tendon sheaths
elongated bursae that wrap around tendons to reduce friction
List the 6 major types of synovial joints
- plane
- hinge
- pivot
- condylar
- saddle
- ball and socket
example of plane joint
inter carpal joint
example of hinge joint
knee joint
example of pivot joint
radioulnar joint
example of condylar joint
metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckle)
example of saddle joint
carpometacarpal joint of thumb
example of ball and socket joint
hip or shoulder joint
describe rheumatoid arthritis
- autoimmune disease
- chronic joint inflammation
- female predominance
- swollen and painful joints eg hands and feet
- progressively worsens
- leads to joint deformity and loss of function
describe osteoarthritis
- most common joint disorder
- usually a primary condition
- degeneration and loss of articular cartilage occurs with new bone formation
- unable to repair articular cartilage = bone spurs
- pain and deformity
