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Pharmacology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Plays an important role in buffering the concentration of a drug because bound drug does not contribute directly to the concentration gradient that drives diffusion

A

Inert binding site

-nonregulatory molecules

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2
Q

In acute toxicity, it involves administration of incrementing doses of the agent up to the lethal level in at least 2 species- True or False

A

True

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3
Q

The description of all pharmacologic effects of a drug

A

Pharmacologic profile

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4
Q

Involves the study of the fertility effects of the candidate drug and its teratogenic and mutagenic effects

A

Reproductive toxicity

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5
Q

A 55 year old woman with hypertension is to betreated with a vasodilator. Drug X and Y have the same mechanism of action. Drug X in a dose of 5 mg produces the same decrease in BP as 500mg of drug Y. Which of the following best describes these results?
A. Drug y is less efficacious than drug x
B. Drug x is about 100 times more potent than drug y
C. Toxicity of drug x is less than drig y
D. Drug x has wider therapeutic window than y
E. Drug x will have shorter duration of action than y bec less drugx is present over the time course of drug action

A

B

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6
Q 
Receptors are macromolecules that
A. Are designed to attract drugs
B. Resistant to antagonist
C. Exist as target for physiologic nt and hormones
D. only on the outer surface of cell
E. Only on the inside of cell
A

C.

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7
Q

All of the following are capable of initiating signal transduction process except
A. Combination of an agonist with receptor
B. Combination of an antagonist with receptor
C. Combination of nt with receptor
D. Combination of hormmone with receptor

A

B.

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8
Q 
Which of the following chemical bonds would create an irreversible combination of an antagonist with its receptor?
A. Ionic
B. Hydrogen
C. Van der waals 
D. Covalent
A

D.

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9
Q 
Potency is determined by
A. Affitnity alone
B. Efficacy alone
C. Affinity and efficacy
D. Affinity and intrinsic activity
E. Efficacy and intrinsic activity
A

C.

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10
Q

Passage of the drugfrom its site of administration into the blood

A

Absorption

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11
Q

Delivery of the drug to the tissues

A

Distribution

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12
Q

Ratio of the concentration of the drug in two immiscible phases a nonpolar liquid or organic solvent (membrane) and an aqeojs buffer (plasma)

A

Lipid -water coefficient

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13
Q

Measure of relative affinity os a drug for the lipid and aqeojs phases

A

Partition coefficient

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14
Q 
Following oral administration, a drug is absorbed into the body, wherein ir can exert its action. For a drug given orally, the primary site of drug absorption is
A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. Upper portion of SI
D. Large intestine
A

C.

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15
Q 
Patients can exhibit alteration in the rate and extent of drug absorption because of variuos factors. All of the following factors might affect the rateand/or extent of drug absorption except
A. Gastricemptying time
B. Intestinal motility
C. Food
D. Formulation of drug
D. Generic form
A

E.

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16
Q 
Which of the following organs or tissues is a potential sit for drug accumulation of lead that has been ingested?
A. Eyes
B. Fat
C. Bone
D. Lungs
E. Blood
A

C.

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17
Q

Most important of phase II conjugation reactions

A

Glucoronidation

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18
Q

Activated form of glucuronic acid

A

Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid

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19
Q

What drug is given without regard for infant’s dimnihed capacity for hepatic detoxification that causes grey baby syndrome

A

Chlorampenicol

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20
Q

What enzyme is responsible for the grey baby syndrome

A

Immature glucuronosyl transferase activity

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21
Q

Phenytoin undergoes phase I to produce 4-OH-phenytoin with the use of what enzyme

A

Cytochrome p450

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22
Q

To be able to transform complete phenytoin undergoes phase II with the help of what enzyme

A

UDP glucuronosyl transferase

23
Q

Drug that undergo metabolism but phase II preceded phase I reaction

A

Isoniazid

24
Q

Primary phase I enzyme system involved in oxidation metabolism

A

CYP440

25
Q

Most abundantly expressed

A

CYP3A4

26
Q

Expressed only in the fetusand rapidly disappears after birth

A

CYP3A7

27
Q

Second most common isoform, most knwon for its propensity to exhibit genetic polymorphism

A

CYP2D6

28
Q

Metabolizes important drugs with narrow therapeutic index

A

CYP2C9

29
Q

The primary organ of removal for most drugs, especially for those that are water soluble and nlt volatile

A

Kidney

30
Q

Concentration of a drug in the body are measured analytically and the results plotted against time

A

Concentratin time profile

31
Q

Maximum concentration achieved in the blood

A

C-max

32
Q

Time needed to reach c-max

A

T-max

33
Q

Indicator of overall exposure of a person to a drug

A

AUC

34
Q

Which of the following is true about the drug concentration time profiles of DRug X when given PO and SL

A

D. PO formulation would have a lower c-max

35
Q

Quantitation of the effects of drug-receptor binding as a function of dose, it also provide information about the nature of thr drug- receptor interaction

A

Dose-response curve

36
Q

The amount of drug entering the body is equal to the amount of drug eliminated in a given period

A

Steady state

37
Q

Fracton of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation

A

Bioavailability

38
Q

The larger the presystemic elimination, the smaller is the bioavailability of an orally administered drug
T or F

A

True

39
Q

Reflects the xtent of absorption of the drug

A

AUC

40
Q

Oral administration of drug has limited efficacy because of

A

First pass hepatic metabolism

41
Q

Volume of blood from which drug can be completely removed per unit of time

A

Clearance

42
Q

Concentration of drug measured in the blood to the total amount of drug in the body

A

Volume of distribution

43
Q

Indicator of the overall distribution of a drug in the body

A

Volume of distribution

44
Q

Drug exhibit much lower affinity for plasma proteins than for their receptor
T or F

A

True

45
Q

Protein binding of most drugs increases linearly with concentration except

A

Sulfonamides and salicylate

46
Q

The concentration achieved are proportional to the dose given follows

A

Linear PK

47
Q

Alternating periods of administration of test drug, placebo preparation and the standard treatment, if any, in each subject

A

Crossover design

48
Q

What phase of clinical trials that finds the maximum tolerated dose

A

Phase I

49
Q

Phase where it determine efficacy of drug (proof of concept)

A

Phase II

50
Q

Single blind design

A

Phase II

51
Q

The smaller the EC50, the greater the potency of the drug

T or F

A

True

52
Q

The smaller the kd, the greater affinityof the drug for its receptor

A

True

53
Q

Nearer the axis, the greater affinity

A

True

54
Q

Ec50

A

Spare receptor

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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