Module 1 Flashcards
Drug Enforcement Agency
Monitor prescription, distribution, storage, use of controlled substances in attempt to decrease substance abuse
Food & Drug Agency
Level coding and approval of drug use
Controlled Substances
1: highest risk of drug abuse
5: least risk of dependence
Pharmacodynamic
How the drug affects the body: MOA
Pharmacokinetics
How the body affects the drug:
timing drug action
critical [ ]
loading dose
dynamic equilibrium
Onset
When the drug starts to work
Peak
Most effective
Duration
How long it will last
Critical Concentration
amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect
Loading Dose
Higher dose than usual for treatment to reach critical concentration faster
Dynamic equilibrium
drug level in body
Absorption (3)
passive diffusion
Active transport
Filitration
Distribution
movement drug through systemic circulation into body tissues
Metabolism
Make drug active
Organ: liver
First Pass Effect
Oral drugs are absorbed in the small intestine into portal vein to the liver where it is metabolized. Liver enzyme deactivate a large portion of drug. Active portion is transported to target organs and the inactive portion is excreted by kidney
Excretion
Remove drug from system
Organ: kidney
Therapeutic Index
Ratio comparing blood concentration when drug is toxic to concentration when drug is therapeutic effect
Half-life
The time it takes for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease by 1/2. Helps determine duration effects and timing of dose
Factors that influence effectiveness of drugs
Weight: based on 150 lb healthy individual
Age
Gender: males sooner effect because more vascular muscles while females prolonged effects because more fat
physiological factors
pathological factors
genetics
allergies to drug
tolerance
Primary action
too much of drug’s desired effects causing toxicity
Secondary action
Effects on the body that are not the intended therapeutic effects
Anaphylactic allergic reaction
Immediate release of histamine causing mucous membrane swelling and bronchoconstriction
Nurse’s role in medication errors
Right patient
Right drug
Right reason
Right storage
Right route
Right dose
Right preparation
Right time
Patient education
Right documentation
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