Module 1 Flashcards
Neuromaturationist stages and driving forces
Stages are a result of CNS maturation
Alterations of flexor vs extensor dominance and CNS maturation drive changes
Neuromaturationist building blocks
Primitive reflexes
Cognitive behavioral stages and driving forces
Stages are from behavioral, environmental interacts
Driving forces is interaction
cognitive behavioral building blocks
pavlovian and operant responses to environment
cognitive piageteian stages and driving forces
stages show equal and unequal
driving forces are interaction between cognitive neural structures and environmental opportunities
cognitive piagetian building blocks
reflexes go first and then you develop voluntary actions
motor learning stages and driving forces
no specific stages- associative, autonomous and cognitive
driving forces are trial and error to develop motor programming and using recall
motor learning building blocks
practicing tasks and general recall and recognition
dynamical systems stages and driving forces
stages are states of stability from self organization
driving forces are recognizing opportunity in the enivonrment and responding to tasks
dynamical systems building blocks
combination of multiple systems and self exploring the environment at own rate
what are some external factors of child development
size, culture, task demands, MSK
what are some internal factors of child development
cognitive and behavioral factors, sensory
IFC components (normal)
body structure, activity, participation, environment, and personal factors
IFC components (kids)
fitness, function, friends, fun, family
what are the two options to reference measurements to?
norms and criterion
when to reference to norms
to identify delay
good for EI referrals
when to reference to criterion
looking at mastery of specific tasks
examples of norms testing for kids
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT)
examples of criterion testing for kids
Hawaii Early Learning Profile
School Function Assessment
Bell curve standard deviation percentages
1 SD: 68%
2 SD: 95%
3 SD: 99.7%
standard score shows what
degree to which mean score is different from group mean
equation for standard score
Z= X- M/ SD
x is raw score
m is mean of group
what is equivalent score?
when the raw score is the same as the mean for a norm group
basal level
assumption that the test taker can get all the correct responses below the level
ceiling level
assumption that the test taker can no get any higher items on a test because it is too high level
basal level example on peabody
score of 2 on 3 consecutive items
ceiling level example on peabody
score of zero on 3 consecutive items
age for AIMS
up to 18 months
how to calculate adjusted age for AIMS
if gestation is less than 37 then you subtract thee gestational time from 40 weeks and then subtract that from chronological age
at what age can you use adjusted age for
2 years
5 roles in pediatric PT for PTs
identify constraints
look at environment
create therapeutic environment for practice
promote exploration of different movement patterns
use high dosage
dosing in pediatric PT
how often and how long they practice is very important
external factors to nervous system in pediatrics
body mass
MSK (high COM- hard to be upright)
cultural differences
tasks demands of child/fam
internal factors to nervous system in pediatrics
kids move for things they want
cognitive and behavioral
sensory
important aspect to manage Childs POC
include family- look at intrinsic and extrinsic factors
what interacts for postural control
sensory, MSK, and motor systems
stability
control COM in relation to BOS
orientation
fluid coordination and alignment of segments
how does postural control emerge?
gain control of the head and neck with visual and vestibular integration. move from wide BOS and high guard to more upright with narrow COM and BOS
how to get child to engage in their environment for development
chose tasks that drive the kid
3 types of systems theories for postural control
steady state
proactive/ anticipatory
reactive/ compensatory
ability for steady state posture
neuromuscular- muscle tone and tightness
some sensory components
strategies for reactive posture
ankle- fixed
hip- fixed
stepping- change of support
reach to grasp- change of support
what muscles does forward sway use
posterior muscles
what muscles does backwards sway use
anterior muscles
what type of kids is anticipatory posture difficulty for
kids with cognitive and visual delays and impairments
uses vision, vestibular, and somatosensory
righting reaction
slight perturbation within BOS
moderate perturbation to limits of BOS
equilibrium/ tilting reactions - using rotatory components
extreme perturbation beyond BOS
protective extension (reach out hands)
visual role in early development
child needs to look around at things for head and neck development
somatosensory role early development
influence motor development and postural control
how to evaluate a child’s balance control if impaired
look at BOS, COM, and support surfaces
look at quality of movement
observe all planes of movement
look at coordination and co contraction and activation
ability for dissociation
what is co contraction
around joint for stability
what is co activation
muscles turning on
what is dissociation
selectively separating upper vs lower, left vs right, within limb
what is segmental assessment of trunk control (SATCO)
belting system that goes higher as child needs more support
gentille’s taxonomy
closed vs open
setting up environment to see abilities
intertrial variability
object manipulation (dual task)
implicit vs explicit learning
how to use feedback to have child for from external to internal knowledge
fade out
what does AIMS evaluate?
Developmental motor milestones in 4 positions (supine, prone, sitting, standing)
Evaluates weight bearing, posture, and antigravity movements
what does BOT evaluate?
fine and gross motor skills
Body composition composite (bilateral coordination and balance)
Strength and agility composite (strength, running speed & agility)
ages for BOT
4-21 years old
what does Peabody evaluate
gross and fine motor skills
Stationary
Locomotion
Object manipulation
ages for peabody
0-5 years old
what does TGMD evaluate?
locomotor and ball skills
what happens with neuronal development in 1st and 2nd trimester?
migration of neurons to correct position within brain
what happens with neuronal development in 2nd and 3rd trimesters?
multiplication, differentiation, axons, and dendrites
neurotransmitters help form synapses
when does pruning begin during pregnancy?
3rd trimester
what is apoptosis
cell pruning and death
what is neurogenesis and gliogenesis
cell proliferation
age for rolling
4-5 months
age for crawling
6-9 months
age for sitting supported
0-4 months
age for sitting unsupported
5-12 months
Agee for standing supported
8 months
age for first steps
11-13.5 months
age for walking alone
11.5-14 months
what helps progress children to higher levels of motor development skills?
increased time upright
lower COM
greater stability
strength
coactivation
dissociation
weight shifting
what age for creeping on stairs
12-15 months
important considerations for handling and facilitation
firm hold
use most of hand with pressure dispersed
hand on muscle belly
hand in direction of movement
hand for grounding/ stabilization
what do pediatric PTs need to acknowledge when providing care?
family context and social systems
babinski reflex
28 weeks- 1 year
flexor withdrawal reflex
28 weeks to life
galant reflex
28 weeks to 2 months
moro reflex
28 weeks to 3-5 months
primary standing reflex
35 weeks- 2 months
primary walking reflex
37 weeks to 3-5 months
neck righting reflex
birth to 4 months
rooting reflex
32 weeks to 3 months
suck reflex
32-36 weeks to 5 months
ATNR
20 weeks to 4-5 months
tonic labyrinthine
in utero to 5-7 months
palmar reflex
28 weeks to 4-6 months
plantar reflex
28 weeks to 9 months
gabella reflex
life
pull to sit age
0-5 months
supported sit
0-4 months
sitting
5-12 months
when do abs activate?
6 months
prone on extended arms
4-7 months
reciprocal creeping
12 months
crawling
6-9 months
roll prone to sl
5 months
mature rolling
7-9 months
standing
7-12 months
